by Kerschagl
[Bibliographic Metadata and Microform Target]: Technical and bibliographic metadata for the microform preservation of Richard Kerschagl's work, including library tracking numbers and filming details. [Title Page and Author Information]: Title pages for the historical study on the development of cashless payments, published for the 50th anniversary of the Vienna Giro and Cash Association. [Foreword and Table of Contents]: A foreword by the Association of Austrian Banks discussing the importance of cashless payment methods during contemporary monetary instability, followed by the table of contents. [Chapter I: Cashless Payments in Antiquity (Egypt, Rome, Greece)]: Kerschagl explores the origins of cashless payments in the ancient world, focusing on Roman banking (argentarii and nummularii) and the sophisticated grain and money giro systems in Greek Egypt. He critiques Bruno Hildebrand's linear economic stages (natural, money, credit) by demonstrating that credit-like clearing systems existed alongside natural economies. The section highlights how legal frameworks like the 'jus civile' facilitated these early financial instruments. [Chapter II: From the Middle Ages to the First Central Banks]: This chapter traces the evolution of clearing systems from medieval trade fairs (Lyon, Leipzig) to the establishment of major exchange banks in Italy, Amsterdam, and Hamburg. Kerschagl emphasizes how chronic currency debasement led to the creation of stable 'accounting units' (like the Mark Banco) to facilitate trade. It concludes with the development of 'goldsmith notes' in England, which served as the precursor to modern banknotes and the Bank of England's clearing functions. [Chapter III: Modern Era and International Clearing Systems]: An analysis of the modern development of clearinghouses in England, the United States, and continental Europe. Kerschagl details the technical operations of the London Clearing House and the American system, noting their role in managing inflation and deflation. He contrasts the high adoption of cashless payments in Anglo-Saxon countries with the slower development in France and Italy, and discusses the impact of World War I on Swiss and German monetary practices. [Chapter IV: Giro and Clearing in Austria and Hungary]: The final chapter focuses on the Austro-Hungarian Empire, detailing the rise of the Post Savings Bank (Postsparkasse) and the Vienna Giro and Cash Association. Kerschagl describes the sophisticated 'vidierte Schecks' used during WWI and the role of the 'Saldierungsverein'. He concludes with a sharp critique of post-war Austrian fiscal policy, specifically the 'Bankenumsatzsteuer' (bank turnover tax), which he argues regressive because it penalizes efficient cashless transactions and encourages the use of physical paper money during a period of high inflation. [Bibliography and Publisher Advertisements]: A comprehensive bibliography of the sources used in the study, followed by a list of contemporary economic and legal publications from the Association of Austrian Banks.
Technical and bibliographic metadata for the microform preservation of Richard Kerschagl's work, including library tracking numbers and filming details.
Read full textTitle pages for the historical study on the development of cashless payments, published for the 50th anniversary of the Vienna Giro and Cash Association.
Read full textA foreword by the Association of Austrian Banks discussing the importance of cashless payment methods during contemporary monetary instability, followed by the table of contents.
Read full textKerschagl explores the origins of cashless payments in the ancient world, focusing on Roman banking (argentarii and nummularii) and the sophisticated grain and money giro systems in Greek Egypt. He critiques Bruno Hildebrand's linear economic stages (natural, money, credit) by demonstrating that credit-like clearing systems existed alongside natural economies. The section highlights how legal frameworks like the 'jus civile' facilitated these early financial instruments.
Read full textThis chapter traces the evolution of clearing systems from medieval trade fairs (Lyon, Leipzig) to the establishment of major exchange banks in Italy, Amsterdam, and Hamburg. Kerschagl emphasizes how chronic currency debasement led to the creation of stable 'accounting units' (like the Mark Banco) to facilitate trade. It concludes with the development of 'goldsmith notes' in England, which served as the precursor to modern banknotes and the Bank of England's clearing functions.
Read full textAn analysis of the modern development of clearinghouses in England, the United States, and continental Europe. Kerschagl details the technical operations of the London Clearing House and the American system, noting their role in managing inflation and deflation. He contrasts the high adoption of cashless payments in Anglo-Saxon countries with the slower development in France and Italy, and discusses the impact of World War I on Swiss and German monetary practices.
Read full textThe final chapter focuses on the Austro-Hungarian Empire, detailing the rise of the Post Savings Bank (Postsparkasse) and the Vienna Giro and Cash Association. Kerschagl describes the sophisticated 'vidierte Schecks' used during WWI and the role of the 'Saldierungsverein'. He concludes with a sharp critique of post-war Austrian fiscal policy, specifically the 'Bankenumsatzsteuer' (bank turnover tax), which he argues regressive because it penalizes efficient cashless transactions and encourages the use of physical paper money during a period of high inflation.
Read full textA comprehensive bibliography of the sources used in the study, followed by a list of contemporary economic and legal publications from the Association of Austrian Banks.
Read full text