Human Action a treatise on economics

Name: Human Action a treatise on economics
Author: Mises

1998

[Title Page and Dedication]: The title page, publication information, and dedication for the 1998 Scholar's Edition of Ludwig von Mises's 'Human Action'...

Human Action Mises Institute Austrian School Carl Menger Economic Calculation Economic History Equilibrium Eugen von Bohm-Bawerk Friedrich A. Hayek Friedrich von Wieser Joseph Schumpeter Leon Walras Marginal Utility Price Theory Volkswirtschaft Frank Knight Henry Hazlitt Murray Rothbard Oskar Lange Paul Samuelson Interventionism Uncertainty Capitalism Catallactics Praxeology Classical Economics Subjective Value Epistemology Historical School Marxism Methodenstreit Positivism Industrial Revolution Innovation Karl Marx Laissez-faire Liberalism Methodology John Locke utilitarianism Causality dialectical materialism Teleology Rationality A Priori Max Weber Monetary Theory Quantity Theory of Money Collectivism Methodological Individualism determinism ideology Inheritance Value Judgments Verstehen Ideal Type Napoleon Bonaparte Entrepreneurship Institutionalism Auguste Comte Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Socialism David Ricardo Adolf Hitler Vladimir Lenin Totalitarianism Democracy Franz Oppenheimer Free Trade Rationalization William Stanley Jevons Benito Mussolini Joseph Stalin Capital Goods economic goods Factors of Production Scarcity Valuation Profit and Loss Edmund Husserl Speculation insurance John Stuart Mill Competition Diminishing Returns Division of Labor Adam Smith David Hume Frederic Bastiat Anarchism Coercion nationalism Standard of Living Comparative Advantage International Trade Productivity Friedrich Engels Individualism Jean-Jacques Rousseau Friedrich Nietzsche egalitarianism Jeremy Bentham natural law Thomas Malthus Herbert Spencer Rule of Law Neutral Money Purchasing Power Aristotle Irving Fisher Objective Value Labor Theory of Value Opportunity Cost Planned Economy National Income Property Rights Welfare State Stabilization Deficit Spending Inflation Monetary Policy Gresham's Law Mathematical Economics Capital Accumulation stationary economy Mixed Economy Productivity of Capital Consumer Sovereignty Monopoly Protectionism Trade Unions proletariat Economic Development Wages Great Depression Underconsumption Bureaucracy Autarky Production Costs Hermann Heinrich Gossen agriculture Marginal Cost Monopolistic Competition Cartels Oligopoly Otto von Bismarck Sozialpolitik Economies of Scale Malinvestment Nationalization Ludwig von Mises New Deal Alfred Marshall Velocity of Circulation Hoarding Money Market Income Distribution Deflation Subsidies Gold Standard Commodity Money Fiat Money Capital Consumption John Maynard Keynes Credit Expansion Fiduciary Media Banking School Central Banking Currency School Free Banking Balance of Payments Legal Tender Mercantilism Exchange Rates Interest Rates Liquidity Bimetallism Bretton Woods International Monetary Fund Roundabout Production Time Preference Capital Movements imperialism John Bates Clark Convertibility Fixed Capital Saving Capital Flight stock exchange Investment Zurechnung Forced Saving Boom and Bust Business Cycles Fritz Machlup Unemployment Acceleration Principle Labor Market Iron Law of Wages Labor Law Social Policy Guilds poverty Feudalism slavery Ground Rent raw materials Externalities class struggle Othmar Spann League of Nations Sovereignty Price Mechanism Vilfredo Pareto Utility Thomas Aquinas Fiscal Policy Taxation Price Controls Collective Bargaining Minimum Wage Ricardo Effect Devaluation Land Reform Progressive Taxation Syndicalism Social Justice Welfare Economics

Table of Contents · 239 segments

Title Page and Dedicationtheoretical

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Introduction to the Scholar's Edition: The History of the Austrian Schooltheoretical

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Introduction to the Scholar's Edition: The Genesis of Nationalökonomietheoretical

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Introduction to the Scholar's Edition: From Nationalökonomie to Human Actiontheoretical

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Introduction to the Scholar's Edition: Comparison of Editionstheoretical

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Foreword and Acknowledgmentstheoretical

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Table of Contentstheoretical

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Introduction: 1. Economics and Praxeologytheoretical

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Introduction: 2. The Epistemological Problem of a General Theory of Human Actiontheoretical

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Economic Theory and the Practice of Human Actiontheoretical

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Purposeful Action and Animal Reactiontheoretical

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The Prerequisites of Human Action and the Concept of Happinesstheoretical

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Human Action as an Ultimate Given and Methodological Dualismtheoretical

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Rationality, Subjectivism, and the Category of Causalitytheoretical

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The Alter Ego and the Limits of Panmechanicismtheoretical

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The Epistemological Problems of the Sciences of Human Actiontheoretical

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The Formal and Aprioristic Character of Praxeologytheoretical

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The A Priori and Realitytheoretical

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The Principle of Methodological Individualismtheoretical

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I and We: The Individual as the Sole Acting Entitytheoretical

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The Principle of Methodological Singularismtheoretical

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The Individual and Changing Features of Human Actiontheoretical

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The Scope and Specific Method of History: Verstehentheoretical

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Understanding, Relevance, and Economic Theorytheoretical

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Conception and Understanding: Epistemological Toolstheoretical

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The Absence of Constant Relations in Human Actiontheoretical

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Natural History vs. Human History and the Use of Ideal Typestheoretical

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Ideal Types and the Critique of Homo Oeconomicustheoretical

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The Procedure of Economics: Apriorism and Realitytheoretical

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The Limitations on Praxeological Conceptstheoretical

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Economics and the Revolt Against Reasontheoretical

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The Logical Aspect of Polylogismtheoretical

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Footnotes and Conclusion of Polylogism Critiquefootnotes

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The Praxeological Aspect of Polylogismtheoretical

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The Failure of Marxian and Racial Polylogismtheoretical

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Polylogism, Understanding, and the Case for Reasontheoretical

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A First Analysis of the Category of Action: Ends and Meanschapter

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The Scale of Value and Needstheoretical

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Action as an Exchangetheoretical

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Time: The Temporal Character of Praxeologytheoretical

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The Temporal Relation Between Actions and Consistencytheoretical

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Uncertainty and Probabilitytheoretical

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Class Probabilitytheoretical

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Case Probabilitytheoretical

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Numerical Evaluation of Case Probability and Gamestheoretical

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Praxeological Prediction and the Law of Marginal Utilitytheoretical

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The Law of Returns and Human Labortheoretical

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The Creative Genius and Productiontheoretical

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Human Society and Cooperationtheoretical

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A Critique of the Holistic and Metaphysical View of Societytheoretical

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The Conflict of Collectivist Creeds and the Liberal Solutiontheoretical

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Praxeology and Liberalismtheoretical

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The Division of Labor and the Ricardian Law of Associationtheoretical

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The Individual Within Society and the Fable of Mystic Communiontheoretical

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The Great Society and the Instinct of Aggressiontheoretical

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Misinterpretations of Natural Science and the Role of Ideastheoretical

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World View and Ideologytheoretical

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The Role of Means in Political Partiestheoretical

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The Fight Against Errortheoretical

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Might and the Ideological Foundation of Ruletheoretical

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Traditionalism and the Idea of Progresstheoretical

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Exchange Within Society: Autistic vs. Interpersonaltheoretical

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Contractual Bonds and Hegemonic Bondstheoretical

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Calculative Action and the Market Economytheoretical

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Valuation Without Calculationtheoretical

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The Barter-Fiction and the Neutrality of Moneytheoretical

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The Fallacy of Measurable Valuetheoretical

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The Theory of Value and Socialismtheoretical

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The Problem of Economic Calculationtheoretical

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Money as the Vehicle of Calculationtheoretical

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Economic Calculation and the Markettheoretical

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The Character of Monetary Entriestheoretical

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The Limits of Economic Calculationtheoretical

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The Changeability of Prices and the Illusion of Stabilitytheoretical

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The Root of the Stabilization Ideatheoretical

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Monetary Calculation as a Tool of Actiontheoretical

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Catallactics or Economics of the Market Societychapter

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The Method of Imaginary Constructionstheoretical

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The Autistic Economytheoretical

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The State of Rest and the Evenly Rotating Economytheoretical

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The Stationary Economytheoretical

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The Integration of Catallactic Functionstheoretical

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The Characteristics of the Market Economytheoretical

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Capital and Capitalismtheoretical

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Competition: Biological vs. Socialtheoretical

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The Nature and Function of Catallactic Competitiontheoretical

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Equality of Opportunity and Monopolytheoretical

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The Reality of Competition and Anti-Competition Policiestheoretical

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Freedom and Liberty in Societytheoretical

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The Semantic Revolution and the Attack on Libertytheoretical

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Inequality of Wealth and Incometheoretical

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Entrepreneurial Profit and Losstheoretical

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Profits and Losses in a Progressing Economytheoretical

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The Underconsumption Bogey and Purchasing Power Argumenttheoretical

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Promoters, Managers, Technicians, and Bureaucratstheoretical

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The Selective Process of the Markettheoretical

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The Individual and the Market: Producers vs. Consumerstheoretical

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Business Propaganda and Advertisingtheoretical

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100

The Concept of Volkswirtschaft vs. World Economytheoretical

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101

The Pricing Process and the Role of Entrepreneurstheoretical

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102

Valuation and Appraisementtheoretical

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103

The Prices of the Goods of Higher Orderstheoretical

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104

Cost Accounting and the Indivisibility of Factorstheoretical

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105

Logical Catallactics Versus Mathematical Catallacticstheoretical

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106

Monopoly Prices and the Supremacy of the Consumerstheoretical

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107

Prerequisites and Misconceptions of Monopoly Theorytheoretical

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108

Varieties of Monopoly: Optimum, Incomplete, and Oligopolytheoretical

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109

Institutional Monopolies and Government Interventiontheoretical

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110

Special Cases: Land, Big-Scale Production, and Failure Monopolytheoretical

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111

Labor Unions and the Mathematical Theory of Monopolytheoretical

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112

Good Will and the Monopoly of Demandtheoretical

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113

The Consumer and Monopoly Pricestheoretical

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114

Arguments For and Against Monopoly and Cartelstheoretical

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115

Price Discrimination on the Part of the Sellertheoretical

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116

Practical Examples and Rarity of Price Discriminationtheoretical

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117

Price Discrimination on the Part of the Buyer and Connexity of Pricestheoretical

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118

Prices, Income, and Productiontheoretical

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119

The Chimera of Nonmarket Pricestheoretical

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120

Indirect Exchange and the Theory of Moneytheoretical

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121

Errors in Monetary Doctrine: The Neutrality of Moneytheoretical

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122

Demand for and Supply of Moneytheoretical

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123

The Origin of Money and the Regression Theoremtheoretical

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124

The Process of Monetary Change and the Problem of Neutralitytheoretical

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125

Cash-Induced vs. Goods-Induced Changestheoretical

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126

The Services and Quantity of Moneytheoretical

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127

Inflation and Deflation; Inflationism and Deflationismtheoretical

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128

Monetary Calculation and Changes in Purchasing Powertheoretical

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129

The Anticipation of Expected Changes in Purchasing Powertheoretical

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130

The Specific Value of Moneytheoretical

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131

The Import of the Money Relationtheoretical

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132

Money-Substitutes and Fiduciary Mediatheoretical

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133

The Limitation on the Issuance of Fiduciary Mediatheoretical

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134

The Size and Composition of Cash Holdingstheoretical

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135

Balances of Payments and Interlocal Exchange Ratestheoretical

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136

Interest Rates and the Money Relationtheoretical

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137

Characteristics and Consequences of Foreign Exchange Equalization Accountstheoretical

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138

Secondary Media of Exchangetheoretical

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139

The Inflationist View of Historytheoretical

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140

The Gold Standard and International Cooperationtheoretical

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141

Action in the Passing of Time: Valuation and Time Preferencetheoretical

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142

Period of Production, Waiting Time, and Period of Provisiontheoretical

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143

International Capital Markets and the 'Exploitation' Myththeoretical

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144

Altruism and Time-Preference Applicationstheoretical

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145

The Disintegration of the International Capital Markettheoretical

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146

The Convertibility of Capital Goodstheoretical

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147

The Influence of the Past Upon Actiontheoretical

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148

Patents and the Alleged Suppression of Inventionstheoretical

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149

Accumulation, Maintenance and Consumption of Capitaltheoretical

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150

The Mobility of the Investor and Capital Flighttheoretical

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151

Money and Capital; Saving and Investmenttheoretical

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152

The Phenomenon of Interesttheoretical

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153

Originary Interesttheoretical

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154

Originary Interest and the Productivity Approachtheoretical

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155

The Role of Interest in Entrepreneurial Planningtheoretical

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156

Refutation of the Productivity Approachtheoretical

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157

Interest in the Evenly Rotating Economytheoretical

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158

The Height of Interest Ratestheoretical

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159

Originary Interest in the Changing Economytheoretical

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160

The Computation of Interesttheoretical

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161

Interest, Credit Expansion, and the Trade Cycle: The Problemschapter

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162

The Entrepreneurial Component in the Gross Market Ratetheoretical

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163

The Price Premium in the Gross Market Ratetheoretical

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164

The Loan Market and Entrepreneurial Calculationtheoretical

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165

Effects of Money Relation Changes on Originary Interesttheoretical

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166

The Process of Credit Expansion and the Boomtheoretical

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167

The Collapse of the Boom and the Depressiontheoretical

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168

Deflation and Credit Contractiontheoretical

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169

Credit Expansion vs. Simple Inflation and the Circulation Credit Theorytheoretical

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170

Footnotes and the Nature of Credit Expansion Analysistheoretical

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171

Credit Expansion vs. Commodity Money Increasestheoretical

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172

Historical Tendencies in Interest Rate Loweringtheoretical

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173

The Market Economy as Affected by the Recurrence of the Trade Cyclechapter

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174

Critique of Forced Saving and Malinvestment Argumentstheoretical

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175

The Moral and Psychological Ravages of the Boomtheoretical

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176

The Process of Readjustment and Capital Restorationtheoretical

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177

The Role Played by Unemployed Factors of Production in the First Stages of a Boomtheoretical

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178

The Fallacies of the Nonmonetary Explanations of the Trade Cycletheoretical

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179

Critique of Disproportionality and Cosmic Theoriestheoretical

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180

The Durable Goods Doctrine and the Acceleration Principletheoretical

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181

The Limits of Expansion and Agricultural Cyclestheoretical

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182

Work and Wages: Introversive vs. Extroversive Laborchapter

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183

Joy and Tedium of Labortheoretical

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184

The Determination of Wage Ratestheoretical

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185

Market Tendencies and Catallactic Unemploymenttheoretical

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186

Gross Wage Rates and Net Wage Ratestheoretical

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187

Wages and Subsistence: The Critique of the Iron Lawtheoretical

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188

Institutional Wage Determination and Labor Union Claimstheoretical

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189

Comparison Between Historical Wage Theory and the Regression Theoremtheoretical

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190

The Supply of Labor and the Disutility of Labortheoretical

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191

The Industrial Revolution and the Rise of the Massestheoretical

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192

Historical Myths of the Industrial Revolutiontheoretical

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193

Wage Rates and the Labor Market Structuretheoretical

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194

The Economics of Compulsory Labor: Animals and Slavestheoretical

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195

Theory of Rent and Nonhuman Original Factors of Productiontheoretical

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196

Land Utilization and the Time Factortheoretical

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197

Institutional Conditions and Soil Exploitationtheoretical

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198

Submarginal Land and Mineral Depositstheoretical

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199

Land as Standing Room and the Prices of Landtheoretical

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200

The Myth of the Soiltheoretical

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201

The Data of the Market: Theory and Powerchapter

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202

The Historical Role of War and Conquesttheoretical

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203

Real Man as a Datum and the Period of Adjustmenttheoretical

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204

External Costs and External Economiestheoretical

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205

Intellectual Creation, Patents, and Privilegestheoretical

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206

Harmony and Conflict of Interests: The Montaigne Dogmachapter

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207

The Limitation of Offspring and the Malthusian Lawtheoretical

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208

The Harmony of the 'Rightly Understood' Interestschapter

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209

The Fallacy of the Socialist Critique and the Nature of Wageschapter

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210

Monopoly and the Distortion of Market Factschapter

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211

Private Property as a Social Functionchapter

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212

The Conflicts of Our Age: Capitalism vs. Nationalismchapter

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213

The Historical Origin of the Socialist Ideachapter

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214

The Socialist Doctrine and the Praxeological Character of Socialismchapter

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215

The Impossibility of Economic Calculation Under Socialismchapter

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216

Critique of Labor and Utility Units in Socialist Calculationtheoretical

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217

Trial and Error in Economic Calculationtheoretical

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218

The Quasi-market and Neosocialismtheoretical

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219

The Differential Equations of Mathematical Economicstheoretical

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220

The Government and the Market: The Idea of a Third Systemchapter

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221

The Patterns of Socialism and Interventionismtheoretical

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222

The Nature of Government and the Delimitation of Functionstheoretical

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223

Critique of Moral Reform as a Substitute for Market Forcestheoretical

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224

The Meaning of Laissez Faire and Government Interferencetheoretical

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225

Interference by Taxation: Neutral and Total Taxeschapter

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226

The Three Classes of Tax Interventionismtheoretical

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227

Chapter XXIX: Restriction of Production - The Nature of Restrictionchapter

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228

The Prize of Restrictiontheoretical

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229

Interference with the Structure of Pricestheoretical

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230

Minimum Wage Rates and Labor Unionismtheoretical

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231

Currency and Credit Manipulationtheoretical

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232

Confiscation and Redistributiontheoretical

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233

Syndicalism and Corporativismtheoretical

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234

The Economics of Wartheoretical

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235

The Welfare Principle Versus the Market Principletheoretical

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236

The Crisis of Interventionismtheoretical

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237

The Nondescript Character of Economicstheoretical

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238

The Place of Economics in Learningtheoretical

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239

Economics and the Essential Problems of Human Existencetheoretical

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240

Index and Colophonbibliography

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