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Die Bundesverfassung der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft 1848 1948

1948

by Rappard

DemocracyFederalismWelfare StateSovereigntyMethodologyFrench RevolutionNapoleon BonaparteKlemens von MetternichTrade PolicyNationalismCustoms UnionEconomic DevelopmentProtectionismStandard of LivingEconomic IntegrationAdam SmithIndustrial RevolutionJean-Jacques RousseauJohn LockeMontesquieuJohn Stuart MillFree TradeRaw MaterialsPublic FinanceInfrastructureNationalizationEducationFiat MoneyPublic HealthLiberalismInsuranceCentral BankingMonetary PolicyProperty RightsWorld War IProgressive TaxationLeague of NationsAgricultureTaxationGeopoliticsUnemploymentInterventionismLabor LawInnovationStatismTotalitarianismCartelsPovertyDemographyEconomic Policy

Table of Contents · 151 segments

1
Front Matter and Table of Contentsessay
2
Table of Contents Continued: Chapter XX, Appendix, and Indexchapter
3
Prefaceessay
4
Introductionessay
5
Part I Introduction: The Origin of the 1848 Constitutionchapter
6
Chapter I: Fall of the Old Confederation, Helvetic Republic, and Mediation Constitution, 1798–1815chapter
7
Chapter II: The Federal Treaty of 1815, Beginningchapter
8
Federal Pact of 1815: Decentralization and Political Inequalitychapter
9
Defense Provisions and the Origins of the Federal Armychapter
10
Federal Protection of Monasteries and the Restoration-Regeneration Dividechapter
11
Chapter III Opening: Military Success and Trade Policy Failurechapter
12
Internal Trade Freedom and the Famine of 1816-1817chapter
13
Recurring Conflicts over Section 11 and the Failure of Enforcementchapter
14
Transit Tolls, Concordats, and Zellweger’s Failed Reform Effortschapter
15
Foreign Trade Policy, France, and the Road to the 1822 Reprisal Debatechapter
16
The 1822 Reprisal Concordat and the Limits of Federal Competencechapter
17
Failed Commercial Treaties and the Paradox of Forced Free Tradechapter
18
Political Turmoil During the Swiss Regenerationchapter
19
Chapter V: The Revision Attempt of 1832chapter
20
Prehistory of the Sonderbundchapter
21
Understanding the Causes of the Federal Constitution of 1848chapter
22
Part II Introduction: Fundamental Principles of the 1848 Constitutionessay
23
Drafting the Swiss Federal Constitution of 1848chapter
24
Revision Commission Program and Drafting Procedurechapter
25
French February Revolution and Swiss Constitutional Freedomchapter
26
Cantonal Reception and Tagsatzung Deliberations on the Draftchapter
27
Transitional Provisions and Cantonal Ratification Voteschapter
28
Legal Proclamation of the 1848 Constitution by Double Majoritychapter
29
Systematic Structure and Historical Meaning of the 1848 Constitutionchapter
30
Chapter IX: The Structure and Purpose of the Swiss Confederationchapter
31
The Bicameral System in the 1848 Swiss Federal Constitutionchapter
32
The Federal Councilchapter
33
The Federal Court and Remaining Institutional Topicschapter
34
The Federal Chancellery and National Languageschapter
35
The Seat of the Federal Authoritieschapter
36
Constitutional Revisionchapter
37
Chapter X Introduction: Citizens' Rights and Dutieschapter
38
The Duty of Military Servicechapter
39
Equality Before the Lawchapter
40
Freedom of Settlementchapter
41
Swiss Citizenshipchapter
42
Freedom of Worshipchapter
43
Freedom of the Presschapter
44
Right of Petitionchapter
45
Freedom of Associationchapter
46
Rights and Duties of the Cantons: Cantonal Sovereignty?chapter
47
Federal Guarantee of Cantonal Constitutionschapter
48
Intercantonal Agreements and Foreign Relationschapter
49
Military Capitulations and the Ban on Foreign Service Treatieschapter
50
Cantonal Police and Limits on Standing Troopschapter
51
Collective Security, Federal Intervention, and Cantonal Mutual Aidchapter
52
Consumption Taxes and the Aftermath for Cantonal Sovereigntychapter
53
Chapter XII Introduction: The Federal State as Winner of the Constitutional Strugglechapter
54
The Federation and Foreign Affairs: Treaty Power and Neutralitychapter
55
Federation and Cantons: Supremacy, Guarantees, and Autonomychapter
56
Federal Officials and the Parliamentary Election of the Army Commanderchapter
57
Article 12 and the Ban on Foreign Pensions, Titles, Gifts, and Orderschapter
58
Military Unification: Limited Reform and the Composition of the Federal Armychapter
59
Centralizing Military Instruction: From Pacte Rossi to the 1848 Draftchapter
60
Army Equipment, War Materiel, and the Federal Flag in Article 20chapter
61
Tagsatzung Revisions, Bern’s Centralization Motion, and the Final Military Articleschapter
62
Economic and Customs Unification: Initial Commission Debateschapter
63
Customs Centralization and Compensation for the Cantonschapter
64
Liberal Tariff Principles and Article 25chapter
65
Chapter XIII Introduction: Federal Rights, Duties, Special Tasks, and Public Financechapter
66
Public Works and Federal Authority over Infrastructurechapter
67
Federal Higher Education and the Origins of Article 22chapter
68
Federal Centralization of the Postal Systemchapter
69
Coinage Reform and Federal Minting Authoritychapter
70
Uniform Weights and Measureschapter
71
Federal Monopoly over Gunpowderchapter
72
Stateless Persons and Citizenship Rightschapter
73
Federal Police Powers over Foreignerschapter
74
The Jesuitschapter
75
Public Health Policechapter
76
Financial Provisions of the 1848 Constitutionchapter
77
Concluding Reflections on the 1848 Constitutionchapter
78
Overview of the Constitution’s Later Developmentchapter
79
The Constitutional Revision of 1866chapter
80
The Total Revision of 1874chapter
81
The 1879 Revision of Article 65 and the Death Penaltychapter
82
The Banknote Monopoly Debate and the Joos Initiative of 1880chapter
83
Constitutional Votes on Patents, Alcohol Regulation, and Social Insurance, 1882–1890chapter
84
The 1891 Introduction of the Popular Initiative for Partial Constitutional Revisionchapter
85
The 1891 Federal Banknote Monopoly and the Road toward a National Bankchapter
86
Chapter XVII Opening: Popular Initiatives from 1893 to 1918chapter
87
The 1893 Schächtverbot Initiative and Article 25bischapter
88
The 1908 Absinth Prohibition Initiativechapter
89
Federal Oversight of Water Powers and Article 24bischapter
90
The Struggle for Proportional Representation in National Council Electionschapter
91
Other Constitutional Revisions: Forestry, Food Safety, and Legal Unificationchapter
92
Education Subsidies, Patents, Industrial Regulation, and Public Health Revisionschapter
93
The 1914 Administrative Court Revisionchapter
94
War Finance, the One-Time War Tax, and Federal Stamp Dutieschapter
95
Overview of Constitutional Revision Attempts and Popular Initiatives, 1918–1947chapter
96
Gambling Regulation, Course Halls, and the Treaty Referendumchapter
97
Grain Supply and the Origins of Article 23bischapter
98
Grain Supply Article 23bis and the 1929 Counterproposalchapter
99
Foreign Decorations, Armaments Control, and the Urgency Clausechapter
100
Family Protection Article 34quinquies and Overview of Parliamentary Revisionschapter
101
Accepted 1919 Revisions: Navigation, War Tax, and Electoral Transitionchapter
102
Swiss Accession to the League of Nations and Neutralitychapter
103
Switzerland's 1920 League of Nations Referendumchapter
104
1921 Federal Powers over Motor Vehicles, Bicycles, and Aviationchapter
105
1925 Article 69ter on Foreigners Police and Residencechapter
106
1925 Constitutional Basis for Old-Age, Survivors, and Invalidity Insurancechapter
107
1927 Customs Article and Alpine Road Compensationchapter
108
1928 Citizenship and Naturalization Reform in Article 44chapter
109
1930 Alcohol Law Constitutional Reform and the 1923 Comparisonchapter
110
1931 National Council Seat Quota and Four-Year Federal Mandateschapter
111
Recognition of Romansh as Switzerland's Fourth National Languagechapter
112
1938 Transitional Federal Finance Orderchapter
113
1938 Transitional Financial Provisionschapter
114
1939 Revision on National Defense and Unemploymentchapter
115
1947 Economic Articles and the Restriction of Economic Freedomchapter
116
Referendum Table for the 1947 Economic Articleschapter
117
General Lines of Swiss Constitutional History, 1848-1948chapter
118
Critical Reflections on Constitutional Authority, Etatism, and Part IV Transitionchapter
119
The Constitution of 1848 and the National Destinychapter
120
Federal Constitutions of 1848 and 1874: General Provisions, Cantonal Status, Foreign Relations, and Honourschapter
121
Federal Constitutions of 1848 and 1874: Military Organization, Federal Intervention, and Public Workschapter
122
Federal Constitutions of 1848 and 1874: Grain Supply, Natural Resources, Education, Customs, and Commercial Freedomchapter
123
Federal Constitutions of 1848 and 1874: Economic Order, Trade Freedom, Banking, Crisis Policy, and Consumption Taxeschapter
124
Federal Constitution of 1874: Alcohol Regulation, Absinthe Prohibition, and Hospitality Tradechapter
125
Federal Constitution of 1874: Professional Licensing, Labour Protection, Social Insurance, Family, and Maternity Policychapter
126
Federal Constitution of 1874 and 1848: Gambling Ban and Opening of Postal Services Provisionschapter
127
Postal and Telegraph Administration, Post-Regal Compensation, Staffing, and Road Oversightchapter
128
Coinage, Roads, Motor Vehicles, Aviation, and Banknote Monopolychapter
129
Weights and Measures, Gunpowder, War Materiel, and Stamp Dutieschapter
130
Federal Revenues, Tobacco Taxation, and Military Cash Reservechapter
131
Swiss Citizenship, Political Rights, Naturalization, and Loss or Restoration of Citizenshipchapter
132
Freedom of Settlement and Expulsion of Swiss Residentschapter
133
Civil Law of Domicile, Double Taxation, Residence Status, and Poor Relief Costschapter
134
Religious Freedom, Church-State Restrictions, Civil Status, Marriage, and Early Civil Libertieschapter
135
Civil Liberties, Legal Equality, Federal Civil and Criminal Law, Public Health, and Foreignerschapter
136
Federal Assembly and National Councilchapter
137
Council of Stateschapter
138
Powers and Procedures of the Federal Assemblychapter
139
Federal Council Organization and Executive Powerschapter
140
Federal Council Powers and Departmental Administrationchapter
141
Federal Chancellery and Federal Court Organization and Jurisdictionchapter
142
Federal Administrative and Disciplinary Jurisdiction and Miscellaneous Provisionschapter
143
Revision of the Federal Constitutionchapter
144
Transitional Provisions of the 1848 and 1874 Constitutionschapter
145
Tagsatzung Declaration Accepting the 1848 Constitution: Preamblechapter
146
Appendix I: 1938 Finance Order and Interim Old Age and Survivors Insurance Fundingchapter
147
Tagsatzung Declaration Accepting the 1848 Constitution: Operative Articles and Signatureschapter
148
Appendix I: Crisis Levy and Temporary Fiscal Emergency Powerschapter
149
Appendix II: 1939 Federal Decree on Defense and Unemployment Creditschapter
150
Closing Provisions of the 1939 Federal Decreechapter
151
Register / Alphabetical Indexbibliography