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Der Internationale Handel
1933
by
Haberler
Arthur Spiethoff
Gottfried Haberler
Hans Kelsen
Werner Sombart
International Trade
Trade Policy
Balance of Payments
Exchange Rates
Free Trade
Jacob Viner
Monetary Theory
Protectionism
Welfare Economics
Comparative Advantage
Dumping
Equilibrium
Gold Standard
Monetary Equilibrium
Purchasing Power
Terms of Trade
Adam Smith
Classical Economics
David Hume
David Ricardo
Vilfredo Pareto
Capital Movements
John Stuart Mill
Capital Theory
Production Costs
Francis Ysidro Edgeworth
Marginal Utility
Max Weber
Methodological Individualism
Planned Economy
Price Theory
Central Banking
Friedrich von Wieser
Individualism
Stationary Economy
League of Nations
Wilhelm Ropke
Supply and Demand
Thomas Malthus
Exchange Control
Mercantilism
Quantity Theory of Money
Gustav Cassel
Friedrich A. Hayek
John Maynard Keynes
Knut Wicksell
Ludwig von Mises
Discount Rate
Open Market Operations
Inflation
Reparations
Stabilization
Monetary Stability
Gold Reserves
Price Mechanism
Elasticity of Demand
Jacques Rueff
Capital Flight
Fritz Machlup
Deflation
Devaluation
Business Cycles
Economic History
Public Finance
Hjalmar Schacht
Treaty of Versailles
Great Depression
Political Economy
Economic Crisis
Division of Labor
Value Judgments
Alfred Marshall
Arthur Cecil Pigou
Labor Theory of Value
Diminishing Returns
Economies of Scale
Frank Knight
Marginal Cost
Monopoly
Neoclassical Economics
John Hicks
Ground Rent
Austrian School
Carl Menger
Eugen von Bohm-Bawerk
Opportunity Cost
Productivity
Customs Union
Income Distribution
Labor Mobility
Wage Rigidity
Joseph Schumpeter
Oskar Morgenstern
Competition
Externalities
Market Structure
Autarky
Interventionism
Lionel Robbins
National Income
Nationalism
Social Justice
Lujo Brentano
Cartels
Liberalism
Factors of Production
Otto von Bismarck
Frederic Bastiat
Insurance
Unemployment
Wages
Adolf Wagner
Friedrich List
Subsidies
Erich Schneider
Hans Mayer
Price Level
Speculation
Corporatism
Geopolitics
Economic Integration
Knowledge Economics
Price Formation
Legal Theory
Table of Contents · 123 segments
1
Publisher Notice and List of Published Volumes
bibliography
2
Series and Book Title Pages
bibliography
3
Preface
essay
4
Table of Contents
bibliography
5
Abbreviations and Opening Heading of Part One
bibliography
6
Chapter 1: Definition of International Trade and the Classical Theory
theoretical
7
National Boundedness of Capital and Labor
theoretical
8
Objections to the Classical Definition
theoretical
9
Alternative Definitions of International Trade
theoretical
10
Domestic and Foreign Trade from the Policymaker’s Perspective; International Trade as a Special Case of General Theory
theoretical
11
Plan for the Further Investigation
theoretical
12
Part B: Monetary Problems of International Trade
theoretical
13
Chapter 3 Introduction: Currency Separation and the Organization of International Payments
chapter
14
Chapter 4 Opening: Balance-of-Payments Statistics, Trade Balance, and Services Balance
theoretical
15
Capital Balance, Meanings of the Balance of Payments, and the Foreign-Exchange Supply-Demand Model
theoretical
16
Multiple Countries, Triangular Trade, and Exchange-Rate Arbitrage
theoretical
17
Chapter 5: Restoring Balance of Payments Equilibrium under a Pure Gold Standard
chapter
18
Chapter 6: Restoring Equilibrium under Pure Paper Currency
chapter
19
Monetary Preliminaries and Stabilization under Gold and Exchange Standards
theoretical
20
Discount Policy and Bank Credit in the International Adjustment Mechanism
theoretical
21
Dynamic Exchange Rates in Inflation: Static Assumptions, Inflation Dynamics, Classical Theory, and Stabilization
chapter
22
Literature on Inflation, Currency Depreciation, and Postwar Monetary Experience
bibliography
23
Statistical Illustration: Dollar Exchange Rate and Purchasing Power Parity in Germany, 1919–1924
theoretical
24
Chapter 9 Introduction: Unilateral Value Transfers and the Transfer Problem
theoretical
25
Raising Funds and Transferring Them: The Emergence of the Export Surplus
theoretical
26
Price Movements in the Transfer Mechanism: Keynes, Ohlin, and the Classical Debate
theoretical
27
Capital Movements, Transfer Limits, and the Mechanism in Financial Crises
theoretical
28
Fundamental Problems of Foreign Exchange Control
theoretical
29
Examples of the Transfer Problem: General Problems of Verification
theoretical
30
The French War Indemnity of 1871 as a Transfer Example
theoretical
31
The Canadian Experiment: Capital Imports, Triangular Trade, Gold, Credit, and Prices
theoretical
32
Literature on German Reparations and Inter-Allied Debts
bibliography
33
Introductory Assessment of the German Reparations Problem
essay
34
From Versailles to the London Ultimatum
essay
35
Germany’s Moratorium Struggle after the London Ultimatum
essay
36
Ruhr Occupation, Passive Resistance, and the Turn to Expert Revision
essay
37
Collapse of the London Reparations Settlement
essay
38
The Transitional Dawes Plan Regime
essay
39
Revision of the Dawes Plan and the Young Plan Settlement
essay
40
From the Young Plan to the Crisis of Reparations before Lausanne
essay
41
The Lausanne Agreement and the Conditional End of Reparations
essay
42
Reparations, Germany’s Balance of Payments, and the Transition to Inter-Allied Debts
essay
43
Young Plan Linkage of German Reparations with Inter-Allied War Debts
essay
44
Scale of Inter-Allied Debts Relative to Foreign Trade and Opening of Pure Trade Theory
essay
45
Introduction: The Problem of Pure International Trade Theory
chapter
46
Survey of Theoretical Systems for International Trade
theoretical
47
Comparative Costs: International Division of Labor and Cost Differences
theoretical
48
Absolute and Comparative Costs, Research Program, and Monetary Expression
theoretical
49
Comparative Costs with Multiple Goods
theoretical
50
Transport Costs and Variable Production Costs
theoretical
51
Chapter 12 Introduction: Supply, Demand, and Comparative Costs
chapter
52
Mill’s Theory of International Values
theoretical
53
Marshall’s Generalization of International Values
theoretical
54
Marshallian Curves and Ordinary Supply-Demand Curves
theoretical
55
Elasticity of Demand in Marshallian Trade Theory
theoretical
56
The Real Terms of Trade and Their Statistical Measurement
theoretical
57
Statistical Illustrations: British and German Terms of Trade after World War I
theoretical
58
Partial Equilibrium: Immediate Price and Quantity Effects of International Trade
theoretical
59
Chapter 13: Eliminating the Labor Theory of Value
chapter
60
Comparative Advantage Reformulated and the Role of Immobile Factors
theoretical
61
Opening of the Section on Trade and Income Distribution
theoretical
62
Classical and Neoclassical Treatment of Trade, Distribution, and Non-Competing Labor Groups
theoretical
63
Specific Factors, Labor Mobility, and Distributional Effects of Trade
theoretical
64
Unequal Wage Levels, Labor Monopolies, and Manoilesco’s Protectionist Argument
theoretical
65
Section 4 Heading: Decreasing Costs, Increasing Returns, and International Trade
theoretical
66
Problem Statement: Graham's Decreasing-Cost Challenge to Comparative Costs
theoretical
67
Historical Cost Reductions versus Static Decreasing Costs
theoretical
68
Genuine Decreasing Costs, Internal Economies, and Monopoly
theoretical
69
Large Markets, External Economies, Infant-Industry Protection, and Transition to Trade Policy
theoretical
70
Introduction
chapter
71
Chapter 14, Section 1: Program of the Trade Policy Analysis
theoretical
72
Chapter 14, Section 2: Criteria for Evaluating International Trade and Trade Policy
theoretical
73
Chapter 15, Section 1: The Presumption in Favor of Free Trade
theoretical
74
Chapter 15, Sections 2–3: Other Free Trade Arguments and the Value Premises of Free Traders
theoretical
75
Chapter 16: Effects of Tariffs — Immediate Effect of a Single Tariff on Price and Sales
theoretical
76
Tariffs on Means of Production
theoretical
77
Chapter 17: Tariff Arguments in General
chapter
78
Indisputable Tariff Arguments: Production, Domestic Market, Purchasing Power, and Solidary Protection
theoretical
79
Invalid Tariff Arguments Continued, Schüller’s Theory, and Short-Run Employment Effects
theoretical
80
Tariffs and Unemployment: Types, Keynesian Proposals, and Policy Conclusions
theoretical
81
Imports of Production Factors as a Consequence of Tariffs
theoretical
82
Infant-Industry Tariffs and Fears of One-Sided Industrial Export Economies
theoretical
83
Emergency Tariffs and Market-Securing Tariffs
theoretical
84
Tariffs and Terms of Trade: Can the Foreign Country Bear the Tariff?
theoretical
85
Introduction to Dumping, Cartels, Monopolies, and Export Bounties
chapter
86
Nature, Definitions, Forms, and Preconditions of Dumping
theoretical
87
Theory of the Dumping Price and Monopoly Price Discrimination
theoretical
88
Economic Appraisal of Dumping and Export Bounties
theoretical
89
Anti-Dumping Duties, International Cartels, Trusts, and Raw Material Monopolies
theoretical
90
Part C: The Technique of Trade Policy
chapter
91
Chapter 20 Introduction: Applying Customs Laws
chapter
92
Bibliography on Tariff Methods and Commercial Policy
bibliography
93
Customs Tariffs and Customs Territory
chapter
94
Specific Duties and Ad Valorem Duties
chapter
95
Sliding-Scale Duties
chapter
96
Import Prohibitions, Export Prohibitions, and Quotas
chapter
97
Other Methods of Protectionism
chapter
98
Administrative Relief from Tariff Protection
chapter
99
Measuring the Height of a Tariff
chapter
100
Chapter 21: Content and Form of Commercial Treaties
chapter
101
Introduction to the Most-Favored-Nation Clause
chapter
102
Bibliography on the Most-Favored-Nation Clause
bibliography
103
Unconditional and Conditional Most-Favored-Nation Treatment
chapter
104
Reciprocity Treaties and Conditional MFN Practice
chapter
105
Limitations and Exceptions to Most-Favored-Nation Treatment
chapter
106
Chapter 22 Opening and Commercial Treaties of Free-Trade Countries
chapter
107
The System of Rigid Tariffs
chapter
108
Tariff Treaties and Individual Customs Concessions: General Framework
chapter
109
The Spirit of Tariff Negotiations
chapter
110
The Dispute over Most-Favored-Nation Treatment: General Issues
chapter
111
The Alleged Unfairness of Unconditional Most-Favored-Nation Treatment
chapter
112
Unconditional Most-Favored-Nation Treatment as a Claimed Obstacle to Tariff Reduction
chapter
113
Preferential Tariffs and Economic Alliances: General Confusion
chapter
114
Economic Assessment of Preferential Tariffs
chapter
115
Customs Unions
chapter
116
Tactical Reflections on the Path to Free Trade
chapter
117
Name Index
bibliography
118
Subject Index
bibliography
119
Publisher Advertisements: Beveridge on Tariffs and Gruntzel on Trade Policy
bibliography
120
Publisher Advertisement: Winkler's Outline of Statistics
bibliography
121
Publisher Notices for a Statistics Volume and the Zeitschrift für Nationalökonomie
bibliography
122
Catalogue of Contemporary Economic Theory and Economic Reference Works
bibliography
123
Catalogue of Encyclopedia Contributions in Law and State Sciences
bibliography