Die menschliche Gesellschaft in ihren ethno-soziologischen Grundlagen, Band 4: Werden, Wandel und Gestaltung von Staat und Kultur im Lichte der Voelkerforschung
1935
by Thurnwald
John LawRichard ThurnwaldAnthropologySlaveryIdeal TypeJean-Jacques RousseauIndividualismFeudalismGame TheoryProletariatProperty RightsDemocracyEgalitarianismCapital AccumulationImperialismPolitical EconomyTaxationPolitical PhilosophySovereigntyPublic FinanceValuationDivision of LaborEquilibriumBureaucracyFranz OppenheimerEmpiricismMethodologyKnowledge Economics
Table of Contents · 152 segments
1
Title Pages, Publication Data, and Overview of the Complete Workchapter
2
Prefaceessay
3
Detailed Table of Contentschapter
4
Glossary of Technical Termstheoretical
5
Introduction: Problematics of the Inquiry and Opening of Part Atheoretical
6
Social Formations: Two-Sex and Single-Sex Associationschapter
7
Technology and the Shaping of Societychapter
8
Association Formation on an Egalitarian Basischapter
9
From Sib to Individual: Stratification and the Statechapter
10
Variants of State Formation and the Opening of Institutional Leadershipchapter
11
Forms of Institutional Leadership: Performance, Specialist Authority, and Hereditary Chief Familiestheoretical
12
Leadership Under Stratification: Dynasties, Nobility, Bureaucracy, and Tyrannytheoretical
13
Forces of Association in Men’s Associations: The Problem of Social Developmentchapter
14
Authority Beyond Kinship: Domination, Mana, and Ideaschapter
15
The Settlement Associationchapter
16
Rivalrieschapter
17
Agglomerations of Villages into Groupschapter
18
Migrations and Their Effectschapter
19
Specialization of Groupschapter
20
Changing Leadershipchapter
21
Interlocking under Sexual Influenceschapter
22
Men’s Societies and Familial Formationschapter
23
Separation of the Sexeschapter
24
Association through Ideational Forceschapter
25
Association on an Economic Basischapter
26
Interplay of Different Socializing Forceschapter
27
Social Configuration and Developmentchapter
28
Functioning of Egalitarian Associations: Introductionchapter
29
Hordeschapter
30
Bandschapter
31
Clan: Terminology, Exogamy, Political Sovereignty, and Dissolutiontheoretical
32
Clan as Political Structure among Gilyaks and Yukaghirstheoretical
33
Clan and Tribal Moieties in Inland Dutch New Guineatheoretical
34
Clan in Stratified Societies, Clan Alliances, and Agglomerationstheoretical
35
Sib: Function, Definition, and Early New Guinea Examplestheoretical
36
Koita and Mafulu: Sib, Land, Village, and Political Neighborhoodtheoretical
37
Sib Complexity among Turkic Peoples, Yakuts, and Bagandatheoretical
38
Sib as Social Structure among the Dschaggatheoretical
39
Sib Fission and Transformation among Kpelle and Ancient Chinese Lineagestheoretical
40
Navajo and Ba-Ila: Phratries, Totems, Mutual Aid, and Sib Solidaritytheoretical
41
Decline of the Sib among Zuñi and Kágabatheoretical
42
Dissolution of the Sib in Polynesia, Ancient Japan, and Greecetheoretical
43
Primitive Democracy and Reciprocitytheoretical
44
Political Development: Method, Prehistory, and Accumulationtheoretical
45
Political Expansion, Ethnogenesis, and Historical Namestheoretical
46
Types of Political Formation: Kinship, Herrschaft, Moieties, and State Formationtheoretical
47
Age Societies, Social Forms, and Illustrative Platestheoretical
48
Settlement, Clan Territory, and Political Local Groups among the Marind-Animtheoretical
49
Bergdama Social Change and Ojibway Intermarriagetheoretical
50
Natchez Dual Stratification and West African Royal Parallelstheoretical
51
Traditional Clan Leadership among Omaha and Winnebagotheoretical
52
Lotuko Rainmaker Chiefs and Theocratic Authoritytheoretical
53
Manchu Transition from Clan Organization to Imperial Military Structuretheoretical
54
Political, Social, and Economic Layers among Ba-Ila, Bogos, and Beni-Amertheoretical
55
Ruanda: Absorption of Clan Communities by Batutsi State Powertheoretical
56
Stratification and Ranking: Conceptual Distinctions and Early Examplestheoretical
57
Serfs, Slaves, Rank Systems, and Wealth in Stratified Societiestheoretical
58
Serfdom: Definition, Origins, and Relation to Slaverytheoretical
59
Agricultural Serfs under Pastoral Lords: Banyankole and Kitaratheoretical
60
Mixed Dependent Strata, Land, and Hereditary Service in Borneo, Yap, and Polynesiatheoretical
61
Economic Dependency, Debt, Redemption, and Mobility in Mesoamerica, Kpelle, and Abyssiniatheoretical
62
Caste Formation: Endogamy, Closure, Ethnic Tension, and Professional Specializationtheoretical
63
Inequality, Pastoral Castes, and Secret Societies on the Road to Castetheoretical
64
Kusae, Tonga, Samoa, and Fiji: Descent Rank, Titles, and Propertytheoretical
65
Mesoamerican Rank, Tribute, and Title Nobilitytheoretical
66
Old Irish Social Orders and Caste-Like Mobility through Propertytheoretical
67
India: Caste Isolation through Extreme Ethnic Tensiontheoretical
68
Leadership and Chieftainship: Sacred Authority and Political Typologytheoretical
69
Non-Authoritarian Chieftainship among Hunters and Small Kin Groupstheoretical
70
Redistributive and Authoritarian Chieftainship in Australia, California, New Guinea, New Hebrides, and Sumatratheoretical
71
Dual Chieftainship, Moieties, and Division of Powerstheoretical
72
Paramount Chiefs from Ethnic Stratification and Aristocratic Superimpositiontheoretical
73
Sacred Prince-God, Divine Rank, and Chiefly Ritualtheoretical
74
Despotism: Rationalized Power after Sacred Kingshiptheoretical
75
The State as a Political Formtheoretical
76
Pre-State Structures and Ethnic Agglomerationstheoretical
77
Relations among Political Groupstheoretical
78
The Sacral State with Autonomous Noble Headstheoretical
79
The Sacral Principalitytheoretical
80
Feudal Organization and Early Protection-for-Loyalty Relationstheoretical
81
Aristocratic Fiefs in America and Micronesiatheoretical
82
Samoan and Tongan Chiefly Land, Tribute, and Gift Circulationtheoretical
83
Cattle Fiefs, Official Fiefs, and West African Lordshiptheoretical
84
Old World Feudalism, Early Medieval Europe, and Comparative Aristocraciestheoretical
85
Kingship, Jurisdiction, and Divine Royal Authoritytheoretical
86
Priesthood, Priest-Kings, and Theocracytheoretical
87
Vassals, Tribute, and Loose Political Dependencytheoretical
88
The Bureaucratic State and Royal Control of Aristocratic Officetheoretical
89
Han China and the Ideology of the Bureaucratic Statetheoretical
90
Court Offices, Population Concentration, Economy, and General Conclusions on State Formationtheoretical
91
Enmities within and between kin groupschapter
92
Fortifications and defensive settlementschapter
93
Peace-making rituals and symbolschapter
94
Peace areas, sacred authority, and medieval peace movementschapter
95
Slavery and Serfdom: Definitions and Preconditionschapter
96
Emergence of Slavery: Inequality, Group Domination, and Debt Bondagechapter
97
War Captives, Sacred Authority, and the Rationalization of Slaverychapter
98
War Captivity as a Legal Ground for Enslavementchapter
99
Debt and Legal Offense as Causes of Enslavement: Bergdama and Ba-Ila Caseschapter
100
Debt Slavery in America, Yurok, Loango, and Kpandochapter
101
Slave Trade and Its Economic Preconditionschapter
102
Slave Raiding and External Demandchapter
103
Occasional Bondage without Fixed Traditionchapter
104
Sacral and Status-Based Slavery in Stratified Societieschapter
105
African and Stratified Forms of Household, Born, and Royal Slaverychapter
106
Economic-Rational Slavery in Peasant and Peripheral Economieschapter
107
Manorial, Temple, and Archaic State Slaverychapter
108
Manumission, Royal Dependents, and the Modern Dissolution of Slaverychapter
109
Culture, Civilization, and Societychapter
110
Settlement: Hearths, Nomads, Pastoralists, and Kin-Based Villageschapter
111
Settlement: Clearing, House Form, Security, and Communal Houseschapter
112
Settlement: Ethnic Mixture, Stratification, Rank, and Princely Residenceschapter
113
Settlement Layout, Planned Villages, Building Rites, and Place Nameschapter
114
Settlement Relocation, Migration, and Modern Model Villageschapter
115
Economic Horizons: Critique of Evolutionism and Subsistence Typologytheoretical
116
Political Structures: Subsistence Schema and Types of Ruletheoretical
117
Political Structures: Agglomeration, Moieties, Stratification, and Archaic Statestheoretical
118
Family and Kinship Forms: Political Structure, Marriage, and Sexual Customstheoretical
119
Extreme Formstheoretical
120
Local Typestheoretical
121
Peculiarity and Specializationtheoretical
122
Mixturetheoretical
123
Ethnic Superimposition and Stratificationtheoretical
124
Personality in Society: Distinctiontheoretical
125
Selectiontheoretical
126
Screeningtheoretical
127
Progress and Cycle: Accumulationtheoretical
128
Eliminationtheoretical
129
Inherited Substancetheoretical
130
The System of Associationtheoretical
131
Institution and Human Agentstheoretical
132
Splitting into Ethnic, Social, and Cultural Spherestheoretical
133
Interaction and Boundaries of Spherestheoretical
134
Unequal Rhythm of Parallelismtheoretical
135
Culture and Peopletheoretical
136
Cultural Sequencetheoretical
137
Summary: Accumulation and Cyclic Processestheoretical
138
Developmenttheoretical
139
Survival and Residuetheoretical
140
Variantstheoretical
141
Variants of Subsistence Horizons and Cultural Transmissiontheoretical
142
Organizational Sequence and Social-Psychological Stratificationtheoretical
143
Disturbance, Induction, Contamination, and Limits of Cultural Lawfulnesstheoretical
144
Chapter VII Opening: Selection, Sifting, and Leadershipchapter
145
Social Transmission, Selection, and Leadership in Cultural Changetheoretical
146
Formation as Cultural and Social Equilibriumtheoretical
147
The Life Process of Association and Civilizationtheoretical
148
Abbreviations and Bibliographybibliography
149
Register: Subject and Ethnonym Indexbibliography
150
Publisher Advertisement for Thurnwald’s Die menschliche Gesellschaft Seriesbibliography
151
Publisher Advertisement for Altorientalische Texte und Bilder zum Alten Testamentbibliography
152
Publisher Catalogue of Oriental, Ethnological, and Chinese Studiesbibliography