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The Economics of Sellers' Competition Model Analysis of Sellers' Conduct
1952
by
Stocking and Machlup
Fritz Machlup
Frank Knight
Joan Robinson
Price Theory
Valuation
Monopoly
Oligopoly
Business Cycles
Cartels
Competition
Elasticity of Demand
Equilibrium
Methodology
Accounting
Depreciation
Marginal Cost
Opportunity Cost
Welfare Economics
Empiricism
Marginalism
Productivity
Profit and Loss
Price Formation
Expectations
Monopolistic Competition
Uncertainty
Rationalization
Price Controls
Immanuel Kant
Market Structure
Neoclassical Economics
Erich Schneider
Perfect Competition
Production Costs
Innovation
Nicholas Kaldor
George Stigler
Joseph Schumpeter
Trade Unions
Verstehen
Economies of Scale
Gold Standard
Infrastructure
Robert Triffin
Entrepreneurship
Property Rights
Capital Theory
Fixed Capital
Taxation
Raw Materials
Ground Rent
Mathematical Economics
John Stuart Mill
Antoine Augustin Cournot
Francis Ysidro Edgeworth
Speculation
Arthur Cecil Pigou
Vilfredo Pareto
Ideal Type
Institutionalism
Interventionism
Game Theory
John von Neumann
Oskar Morgenstern
Coercion
Democracy
Walter Eucken
John Maynard Keynes
Protectionism
Table of Contents · 131 segments
1
Title Page, Publication Data, and Books by Fritz Machlup
bibliography
2
Author's Preface
essay
3
Table of Contents
bibliography
4
Analytical Table of Contents
bibliography
5
List of Graphs
bibliography
6
Chapter 1: Model Analysis, Prices, Costs, and Levels of Price Theory
chapter
7
Chapter 1: The Lack of Actual Price and Cost Data
chapter
8
Chapter 1: Average Cost, Marginal Cost, and Hypothetical Price-Cost Schedules
chapter
9
Chapter 2: Theory of the Firm and Conduct Models Beginning
chapter
10
Final Simplifying Assumptions and the Marginalist Way of Thinking
theoretical
11
The "Determination" of Prices, Output and Input
theoretical
12
Subjectivity of Cost and Revenue
theoretical
13
Omitted Variables and the Range of Price and Output Variations
theoretical
14
Numerical Definiteness and the Extreme Difficulty of Calculating
theoretical
15
The Time-Range of Anticipations
theoretical
16
The Analysis of Change Needs No Exactness
theoretical
17
Maximum Profit, Security, and Most-Favored Odds under Uncertainty
theoretical
18
Non-Pecuniary Considerations
theoretical
19
Chapter 3 opening: business language, rationalizations, and averaging over time
theoretical
20
Potential average costs and average-cost pricing as a lawyer's ideal
theoretical
21
Accountants, cartels, demand elasticity, and empirical pricing research
theoretical
22
Numerical estimates, empirical evidence, rival pricing theories, monopoly, and break-even charts
theoretical
23
Theory and practice in criticism of the theory of the firm
theoretical
24
Chapter 4 Opening: Competing Connotations of Competition
chapter
25
Polypoly: Sellers Among Very Many
theoretical
26
Oligopoly: Rival-Conscious Sellers
theoretical
27
Pliopoly: Newcomers' Competition and Entry
theoretical
28
Monopoly: Seller Without Competitor
theoretical
29
Perfect Market and Chapter 4 Summary
theoretical
30
Appendix to Chapter 4: Types of Competition in Buying
theoretical
31
Chapter 5: Perfect and Imperfect Polypoly — Characteristics and Criteria
chapter
32
Perfect Polypoly: Output, Expectations, and Firm Size
theoretical
33
Imperfect Polypoly and Transport Costs
theoretical
34
Appendix to Chapter 5: Marginal Revenue and Elasticity of Demand
theoretical
35
Chapter 6: Polypolistic Nonprice Competition
chapter
36
Polypolistic Quality Competition: Measurability, Variable Prices, and Demand Elasticity
theoretical
37
Imperfect Polypoly, Price and Quality Competition: Demand Effects of Quality Improvement
theoretical
38
Quality Determination with Fixed Selling Prices
theoretical
39
Polypolistic Competition Through Selling Effort: Selling Effort, Quality, and Measurement
theoretical
40
The Effect of a Given Selling Effort on Demand Curves
theoretical
41
Quasi-Perfect Polypoly: Horizontal Demand and Its Causes
theoretical
42
Quasi-Perfect Polypoly: Followers, Government Purchases, and Counterspeculation
theoretical
43
The Rise or Decline of Polypoly
theoretical
44
Imperfect Polypoly and General Equilibrium
theoretical
45
Variable Selling Efforts, Variable Prices, and Net Demand Curves
theoretical
46
Selling Costs versus Production Costs
theoretical
47
Determination of Selling Effort with Fixed Selling Prices
theoretical
48
Chapter 7 Opening: Pliopoly as Newcomers' Competition
chapter
49
Pliopoly Preconditions, Industry Boundaries, and Profit Concepts
theoretical
50
Entrepreneurship, Uncertainty, and Indivisibility as Limits to Pliopoly
theoretical
51
Immobility, Monopoly Rents, and Cheap Resources
theoretical
52
Chapter 8: Pliopoly, Profits, Rents, and Artificial Scarcity—Ex Ante and Ex Post Distinctions
chapter
53
Discrepancies in Profit Calculations by Insiders, Outsiders, and Economists
theoretical
54
Relevant Profit Calculations for Entry and Pliopoly
theoretical
55
Advance Calculation and Prospectus: Paper-Board Mill Example
theoretical
56
Accounting and Economic Concepts in Cost and Profit Analysis
theoretical
57
Costs, Rents, and Profits: Distribution of Gross Revenue
theoretical
58
Profit Estimates by Outsiders, Insiders, and Economists; Types A–D
theoretical
59
Positive and Absent Outsider Profit Expectations: Disequilibrium, Barriers, Uncertainty, and Indivisibility
theoretical
60
The Economist’s Dissenting Calculation: Rents Hidden as Expenses or Capital Assets
theoretical
61
Monopoly Rents in the Form of Factor Costs
theoretical
62
Artificial Scarcity, Natural Scarcity, and Monopolistic Barriers
theoretical
63
Chapter 9 Opening: Group Equilibrium and Marginal Units
chapter
64
Perfect Polypoly and Perfect Pliopoly: Profit Maximization, Equalization, and Price Expectations
theoretical
65
A Model Sequence of Price Adjustment and the Dispersion of Expected Prices
theoretical
66
The Adjustment of Cost Conditions and Average Cost Inclusive of Rent
theoretical
67
The Transformation of Implicit Rent into Money Cost
theoretical
68
Capacity Output and Optimum Size
theoretical
69
Lowest-Cost Output, Firm Size, Quasi-Rent, and Scarcity Rent
theoretical
70
Chapter 10 Opening: Imperfect Pliopoly with Perfect Polypoly and Perfect Pliopoly with Imperfect Polypoly
chapter
71
Tangency Rule, Differential Rent, and Excess Capacity under Differentiated Polypoly
chapter
72
The Wastes and Benefits of Newcomers' Competition
chapter
73
Imperfect Polypoly with Imperfect Pliopoly and Transition to Few Sellers
chapter
74
Chapter 11 opening, terminology, and introductory note on oligopoly characteristics
theoretical
75
Characteristics of oligopoly: monopoly power, rival consciousness, demand curves, and split personality
theoretical
76
Classifications of oligopoly by differentiation, entry, leadership, collusion, coordination, and conflict
theoretical
77
Chapter 12 introduction: classical duopoly models, method, and common demand schedule
chapter
78
Cournot and Bertrand models: output adjustment, price cutting, and equilibrium
theoretical
79
Edgeworth model: capacity constraints, price oscillation, and comparison preface
theoretical
80
Comparison of classical duopoly models: prices, conjectures, reactions, and summary table
theoretical
81
Uniform market prices, two-price Edgeworth outcomes, and buyer inertia
theoretical
82
Extensions of classical models and the role of product differentiation
theoretical
83
Cost functions, cost asymmetry, and partial monopoly
theoretical
84
Asymmetry of attitudes, compatibility, and oligopolistic indeterminacy
theoretical
85
Non-zero conjectural variation, Bowley, and definite countermoves
theoretical
86
Quasi-collusion and additional variables: quality, promotion, and spatial competition
theoretical
87
From duopoly to oligopoly: more than two sellers and the limits of number-based theory
theoretical
88
Oligopolistic Indeterminacy: General Meaning and Pure versus Applied Economics
chapter
89
Anonymous Masses, Extra-Economic Factors, and the Motives of Position and Security
theoretical
90
Military Strategy, Game Theory, and the Strong Sparing the Weak
theoretical
91
Coordination, Collusion, and Cooperation in Oligopoly
theoretical
92
The Rationale and Degrees of Collusion
theoretical
93
The Forms of Collusion
theoretical
94
Quasi-Agreements, Comprehensiveness of Collusion, and General Equilibrium
theoretical
95
Chapter 14 Opening and the Nonprice Variables
theoretical
96
Distinctions, Limits, and Significance of Oligopolistic Quality Competition
theoretical
97
Determination of Nonprice Outlay and Transition to Oligopolistic Price Rigidity
theoretical
98
The Concept of Price Rigidity
theoretical
99
General Causes of Price Rigidity
theoretical
100
Oligopoly-Specific Reasons for Price Rigidity
theoretical
101
The Kink Theory of Price Rigidity
theoretical
102
Chapter 15 Opening: Organized Oligopoly and Approximation to Monopoly Policy
theoretical
103
The Policy of a Syndicate
theoretical
104
Price Cartel Policies and Member Conduct Under Given Rules
theoretical
105
Cartel Member Output Sanctions and Renegotiation Incentives
theoretical
106
Cartel Negotiations and Cartel Government
theoretical
107
Leadership Oligopoly and Concepts of Leadership
theoretical
108
Qualifications of the Price Leader
theoretical
109
Chain Oligopoly and Guessing-Game Oligopoly
theoretical
110
Historical Trends in Oligopoly
theoretical
111
Partial Monopoly, Partial Oligopoly, and Small Competitors
theoretical
112
Rotating Leadership, Divided Leadership, and Unorganized Cooperation
theoretical
113
Chapter 16 Opening: Oligopoly and Pliopoly Combined
chapter
114
Free Entry, Gluts, Cartels, and Overexpanded Industries
theoretical
115
Cartels in Open Industries and Excess Capacity
theoretical
116
Fighting and Hyper-Competitive Oligopoly
theoretical
117
Cartel Equilibrium Under Free Entry: Excess Capacity and Instability
theoretical
118
Mergers and Concentration in Open Industries
theoretical
119
The Essential Differences Between Cartelization and Merger Concentration
theoretical
120
The Threat of Potential Competition and Entry Deterrence
theoretical
121
Chapter 17: Monopoly—Contents and Introductory Framing
chapter
122
The Characteristics of Monopoly
theoretical
123
The Absence of Pliopoly
theoretical
124
Long-Range Monopoly Policies
theoretical
125
Short-Range Monopoly Policies
theoretical
126
Imperfect Monopoly and Potential Competition
theoretical
127
Distinctions Between Imperfect Monopoly and Oligopoly
theoretical
128
Government Sanctions and Organized Public Reaction
theoretical
129
Restraints Due to Bilateral Monopoly
theoretical
130
Joint Supply, Related Demand, and Discriminatory Pricing
theoretical
131
Index
bibliography