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Knowledge: Its Creation, Distribution and Economic Significance, Volume I: Knowledge and Knowledge Production

1981

by Machlup

Knowledge EconomicsInnovationMonopolistic CompetitionEconomic DevelopmentHuman CapitalOpportunity CostMarxismNational IncomeDemographyAdam SmithDivision of LaborFriedrich ListResource AllocationArthur Cecil PigouEgalitarianismInflationValue JudgmentsEducationValuationEpistemologyKarl PopperProductivityPlatoUncertaintyAristotleImmanuel KantJoseph SchumpeterMethodologyPositivismAuguste ComteHuman ActionJohn Stuart MillJeremy BenthamFriedrich A. HayekMax WeberFrank KnightConsumer SovereigntyPhenomenologyIsrael KirznerEconomic GoodsPrice TheoryEntrepreneurshipLabor MarketInvestmentExchange ValueMarginal UtilityScarcityUse ValueAlfred MarshallJohn HicksPaul SamuelsonWelfare EconomicsExternalitiesPublic GoodsIncome DistributionVilfredo ParetoFritz Machlup

Table of Contents · 122 segments

1
Title Pages and Publication Informationessay
2
Contentsessay
3
Analytical Table of Contentsessay
4
Prefaceessay
5
The Story of This Work: Introductory Noteessay
6
How One Thing Led to Anotheressay
7
Public Lectures and Sponsored Researchessay
8
The Publication of the 1962 Volumeessay
9
The Outline of the 1962 Bookessay
10
How the Book Was Receivedessay
11
The Multiversity, Knowledge Industry, and International Reactionsessay
12
Demands for Updated Statistics and Research for a New Workessay
13
Chapter 1 Introduction: George and Interdisciplinary Workchapter
14
The Economist as a Student of Knowledge Productionchapter
15
Knowledge as a Datum in Economic Analysistheoretical
16
Knowledge as a Product, a Function of Resource Allocationtheoretical
17
Terminological Proposals: Production and Distributiontheoretical
18
Terminological Proposals: Knowledge and Informationtheoretical
19
The Program for This Work: Reasons for Economic Analysischapter
20
In Quest of Light or Fruit?chapter
21
A Preview of the Eight Volumeschapter
22
Introduction: Projected Volumes VII–VIII and Knowledge-Producing Occupationsessay
23
A Preview of Volume Iessay
24
Expanded Empirical Agenda: Literature, Questions, Porat, and Research Supportessay
25
Scope of the Expanding Workessay
26
Two Charges and Apologies: Going Too Far Afieldessay
27
Valuing the Invaluableessay
28
Part One: Types of Knowledgechapter
29
Chapter 2 Opening: The Known and the Knowingchapter
30
The Double Meaning of Knowledge and Knowledge-Of/Knowledge-Abouttheoretical
31
To Know That versus to Know Howtheoretical
32
To Know What, to Know That, and to Know Howtheoretical
33
The Special Status of Knowing Thattheoretical
34
An Assortment of Knowns and Knowings: Questionstheoretical
35
Examples of Knowing: Questions and Answers Continuedtheoretical
36
Arrangement by Interrogative Pronountheoretical
37
Further Comments on Knowing That and Knowing Howtheoretical
38
Elements and Modes of Knowing: Overviewtheoretical
39
The Examples Surveyed for Different Modes of Knowingtheoretical
40
The Elements of Knowingtheoretical
41
Modes as Combinations of Elementstheoretical
42
Degrees of Knowing: Introductiontheoretical
43
Elements, Modes, and Degreestheoretical
44
More Details, More Accuracy, More Confidencetheoretical
45
Information and Knowledge: To Know and to Informtheoretical
46
Enduring Knowledge and Timely Informationtheoretical
47
Chapter 3: Mundane Knowledge and Everyday Learningtheoretical
48
Scientific Knowledge: Classical Semantics and Exclusion of Empirical Inquirytheoretical
49
Scientific Knowledge: Empirical Sciences, Linguistic Variance, and a Cosmopolitan Definitiontheoretical
50
Humanistic Knowledge: Terminology, Humanism, and Academic Emergencetheoretical
51
Humanists’ Identity Crisis and Legal-Institutional Definitionstheoretical
52
Antiscientism, Scientism, and the Two Culturestheoretical
53
Characteristics and Definition Problems of the Humanitiestheoretical
54
Social-Science Knowledge: Historical Development and Methodological Controversiestheoretical
55
Social Sciences as Academic Subject Group and the Limits of Broad Classificationtheoretical
56
Artistic Knowledge: Liberal Arts, Fine Arts, and Practical Knowledgetheoretical
57
Artistic Creation and Communication as Knowledge Productiontheoretical
58
Knowledge Without Words: Nonverbal Arts, Sense Perception, and Mundane Experiencetheoretical
59
Knowing a Tune and Knowing a Feelingtheoretical
60
Knowledge as a Mere Euphemismtheoretical
61
Chapter 4: Alternative Classifications of Knowledge—Overviewtheoretical
62
Basic and Applied Knowledgetheoretical
63
Theoretical, Historical, Abstract, Concrete, Analytical, and Empirical Knowledgetheoretical
64
Knowledge of Enduring and Transitory Interesttheoretical
65
Knowledge for Many and Knowledge for Only a Fewtheoretical
66
Instrumental, Intellectual, Spiritual, and the Five Chosen Classes of Knowledgetheoretical
67
Part Two Introduction: Qualities of Knowledgetheoretical
68
Chapter 5 Opening: Knowledge Versus Belieftheoretical
69
Knowledge and Truth: Facts, Propositions, Verification, and Falsificationtheoretical
70
Truth Requirements and the Production of Knowledgetheoretical
71
Knowledge, Beauty, and Goodnesstheoretical
72
Chapter 6: Other Standards of Qualitychapter
73
Chapter 7: Notions of Negative Knowledgechapter
74
Part Three: Knowledge as a Productessay
75
Chapter 8: Choosers and Users of Knowledgechapter
76
Chapter 9: Stocks, Flows, and Recorded Knowledgechapter
77
Scientific Journals as a Measure of Recorded Knowledgetheoretical
78
The Role of Books in Recorded Knowledgetheoretical
79
Knowledge in Human Minds and the Social Stock of Knowledgetheoretical
80
The Flow of Knowledge, Money Measurement, and Human Capitaltheoretical
81
Generation, Dissemination, Use, Accumulation, Replacement, Consumption, and Wastetheoretical
82
Chapter 10: Private, Social, and Costless Knowledgechapter
83
Alertness, Search, Serendipity, and Initiative in Knowledge Productiontheoretical
84
Chapter 11: Transmission, Reception, Techniques, and Intentionschapter
85
Eight Levels of Individual Knowledge Transmitterstheoretical
86
Knowledge Receiving as Knowledge Productiontheoretical
87
Chapter 12 Introduction: Consumption, Investment, and Intermediate Knowledgetheoretical
88
Production as Valuable Input for Valuable Outputtheoretical
89
Investment in Knowledge versus Investment for Knowledgetheoretical
90
Knowledge as an Intermediate Producttheoretical
91
Knowledge-Producing Personnel in Business Firmstheoretical
92
Instruments for the Production of Knowledgetheoretical
93
Who Pays and How: Accounting Rules versus Economic Usetheoretical
94
Chatting and Amateur Knowledge Productiontheoretical
95
Chapter 13 Introduction: Uses, Value, and Benefits of Knowledgetheoretical
96
Information Service and Knowledge Acquiredtheoretical
97
Pastime Knowledge, Practical Knowledge, and Usetheoretical
98
Process versus Contents of Informationtheoretical
99
Examples of Non-Action-Oriented Knowledge Usetheoretical
100
The Value of Knowledge, Marginal Utility, and Individual Valuationtheoretical
101
Practical and Intellectual Knowledgetheoretical
102
Private and Social Value of Educationtheoretical
103
Higher Earnings for Longer Schoolingtheoretical
104
An Alternative Notion of the Value of Schoolingtheoretical
105
Scientific Journals, Consumer Surplus, and the Benefits/Value Transitiontheoretical
106
Benefit-and-Cost Analysis and Five Types of Comparisonstheoretical
107
Who Pays, Who Benefits, and Distributional Equitytheoretical
108
Eager Ophelimetricians and the Critique of Total Benefit Measurementtheoretical
109
Chapter 14: Knowledge Industries and Measurement Problemschapter
110
Industry versus Occupation Approaches to Knowledge Productionchapter
111
Definition of Knowledge Industry and Information Goodschapter
112
Definition of Knowledge Occupation and Input-Output Contrastchapter
113
Arbitrariness in Defining Knowledge Industrieschapter
114
A Heuristic Complete Division of Laborchapter
115
Interindustry Trade, Intraindustry Use, and Statistical Approacheschapter
116
Major Knowledge Industries and Brancheschapter
117
Occupational Structure of Firms and Technological Innovationchapter
118
Marc Porat's Information Economy and National Accountingchapter
119
Strategies and Tactics in Quantitative Analysischapter
120
Concordance Tables: Lines and Pages from the 1962 Volumebibliography
121
Indexbibliography
122
Library of Congress Cataloging Data and Author Biobibliography