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A New Prospect of Economics
1958
by
Shackle
Opportunity Cost
Interest Rates
Economic Development
International Trade
Monetary Theory
Public Finance
Welfare Economics
Capital Theory
Keynesian Economics
Monopolistic Competition
Equilibrium
Factors of Production
Income Distribution
Marginal Utility
Price Mechanism
Scarcity
Unemployment
Methodology
Marginal Cost
Mathematical Economics
Supply and Demand
Exchange Value
Planned Economy
Resource Allocation
Interventionism
Monopoly
Trade Unions
Neoclassical Economics
Utility
Alfred Marshall
Complementary Goods
Indifference Curves
Thorstein Veblen
Real Income
Effective Demand
Economies of Scale
Diminishing Returns
Perfect Competition
Externalities
Market Structure
National Income
Labor Mobility
Thomas Malthus
Classical Economics
Entrepreneurship
Ground Rent
Saving
Leon Walras
Vilfredo Pareto
Productivity
Stationary Economy
Expectations
Austrian School
Capital Goods
Eugen von Bohm-Bawerk
Friedrich A. Hayek
Time Preference
Price Level
Investment
Acceleration Principle
Innovation
John Maynard Keynes
Deflation
Inflation
Irving Fisher
Liquidity
Quantity Theory of Money
Velocity of Circulation
Business Cycles
Uncertainty
Money Supply
Fiscal Policy
Commodity Money
Gold Standard
Legal Tender
Banking
Banknotes
Central Banking
Fiat Money
Credit Expansion
Bank of England
Discount Rate
Open Market Operations
Great Depression
Laissez-faire
Say's Law
Wage Rigidity
Wages
Taxation
Multiplier
Monetary Policy
Speculation
Stock Exchange
Deficit Spending
Balance of Payments
Price Stability
Infrastructure
Subsidies
Price Controls
Capital Accumulation
Price Theory
Depreciation
Oligopoly
Joan Robinson
Elasticity of Demand
Competition
Game Theory
John von Neumann
Oskar Morgenstern
Valuation
Collective Bargaining
Comparative Advantage
Division of Labor
Production Costs
Terms of Trade
Gold Reserves
Devaluation
Exchange Rates
Convertibility
International Liquidity
Protectionism
Capital Flight
Exchange Control
Bretton Woods
European Payments Union
International Monetary Fund
Capital Movements
Arthur Cecil Pigou
Welfare State
John Hicks
Value Judgments
Public Goods
Adam Smith
John Stuart Mill
Progressive Taxation
Bureaucracy
Accounting
Demography
Insurance
Economic History
Forced Saving
Hoarding
Jeremy Bentham
Macroeconomics
Microeconomics
G.L.S. Shackle
Table of Contents · 132 segments
1
Title Pages, Publication Data, and Contributors
essay
2
Preface
essay
3
Contents
essay
4
Foreword
essay
5
Chapter 1: What Is Economics?
chapter
6
Chapter 2: What Is a Theory?
chapter
7
Chapter 3: The Tool-Box of the Economist — Variables, Functions, Parameters, and Dependence
chapter
8
Chapter 3: Graphs, Linear Functions, Nonlinear Functions, and Compound Interest
chapter
9
Chapter 3: Difference Quotients, Derivatives, Maxima, Minima, and Economic Optimization
chapter
10
Chapter 3: Identities, Conditional Equations, Simultaneous Equations, and Mathematical Method
chapter
11
Further Reading for Chapter 3
bibliography
12
Chapter 4: The Purpose and Mechanics of a Price System — The Coordination Problem
chapter
13
Chapter 4: Demand, Supply, and Equilibrium Price
chapter
14
Chapter 4: Limits of Price Coordination and the Roadmap for Value Theory
chapter
15
Economic Motives and the Postulates of Maximization
theoretical
16
Determinants of Individual Demand and Indifference Curves
theoretical
17
Preference Maps and Opportunity Curves
theoretical
18
Consumer Equilibrium and the Equi-Marginal Principle
theoretical
19
Price Changes, Demand Curves, and Income and Substitution Effects
theoretical
20
Price Elasticity of Demand and Expenditure Effects
theoretical
21
Aggregate Demand, Income Elasticity, and Employment Theory
theoretical
22
Chapter 6 Introduction: Production Theory, Returns, and Time Periods
theoretical
23
Short-Run Production: Diminishing Marginal Productivity and the Operative Range
theoretical
24
Short-Run Unit Costs, Opportunity Costs, and the Firm’s Operating Range
theoretical
25
Long-Run Production: Economies and Diseconomies of Scale
theoretical
26
Perfect Competition and the Equilibrium of Firm and Industry
theoretical
27
Production Equilibrium and the Allocation of Resources
theoretical
28
Income Shares and the Framework of Factor Pricing
theoretical
29
Marginal Productivity and the Firm’s Demand for a Factor
theoretical
30
Average Revenue Productivity and Optimal Factor Proportions
theoretical
31
Market Demand for Factor Services
theoretical
32
Factor Supply to Firms and Industries, Economic Rent, and Producers’ Surplus
theoretical
33
Economy-Wide Supply of Factor Services and Direct versus Indirect Consumption
theoretical
34
Applications to Labour, Saving, Entrepreneurship, and Land Supply
theoretical
35
Market Price in the Theory of Value
theoretical
36
Structure of Value Theory and Consumer Behaviour
theoretical
37
Theory of Production, Returns, Costs, and Factor Demand
theoretical
38
Distribution, Income Shares, and Net Advantages
theoretical
39
Interrelationship of Prices and Resource Allocation
theoretical
40
General Equilibrium and Mutual Determination of Prices
theoretical
41
Equilibrium Conditions for the Whole Economy
theoretical
42
Ultimate Determinants, Dynamic General Equilibrium, and Transition to Economic Growth
theoretical
43
Time in Economics
chapter
44
Production, Consumption and Accumulation in a Closed Economy: Stocks and Flows
theoretical
45
Saving and Investment
theoretical
46
The Inducement to Invest
theoretical
47
The Propensity to Consume
theoretical
48
The Theory of Money
chapter
49
Transactions Motive for Holding Money
theoretical
50
Precautionary Motive for Holding Money
theoretical
51
Speculative Motive for Holding Money
theoretical
52
Cash-Balance Quantity Theory and Its Limitations
theoretical
53
Keynesian Liquidity Preference and the Rate of Interest
theoretical
54
Origins and Structure of Modern Money
chapter
55
Forms of Means of Payment, Legal Tender, and Dominant Money
chapter
56
Bank Deposits, Deposit Banking, and the Definition of a Bank
chapter
57
Credit Creation, Cash Reserves, and Leakage Constraints
chapter
58
Bank of England, Fiduciary Issue, and Expansion of Bank Reserves
chapter
59
Open Market Operations, Bank Rate, and the Discount Market
chapter
60
Whole Credit Structure and Transition to Employment Theory
chapter
61
Chapter 14: Historical Background, Full Employment, and Effective Demand
theoretical
62
Basic Propositions, Say's Law, and Keynes's Critique of Wage Explanations
theoretical
63
Saving, Investment, Ex Ante and Ex Post Analysis, and Equilibrium Employment
theoretical
64
Consumption Function and Propensities to Consume and Save
theoretical
65
The Multiplier Mechanism and Changes in Consumption Propensities
theoretical
66
The Inducement to Invest: Supply Price, Demand Price, and Discounted Future Earnings
theoretical
67
Marginal Efficiency of Capital and the Aggregate Investment Schedule
theoretical
68
Interest Policy, Liquidity Preference, Risk, Uncertainty, and Government Stabilization
theoretical
69
Chapter 15: Government in Closed-Economy Employment Theory and Income-Output Identities
theoretical
70
Government Revenue, Expenditure, Taxation, and the Closed-Economy Multiplier
theoretical
71
Income-Dependent Government Expenditure and the Adjusted Multiplier
theoretical
72
Chapter 15: Employment Theory in an Open Economy
theoretical
73
Chapter 16: Objectives and Definitions of Full Employment in a Closed Economy
theoretical
74
Policies for Deficient Demand: Consumption, Investment, Monetary Policy, and Public Works
theoretical
75
Policies Against Excess Demand, Inflation, and Over-Full Employment
theoretical
76
Limits of Aggregate-Demand Policy and the Need for Sectoral Employment Analysis
theoretical
77
Localized Unemployment, Migration, Industrial Location, and Diversification
theoretical
78
Chapter Group VI and Chapter 17: Foundations of Social Accounting
theoretical
79
Social Accounting: Limits of Aggregates, Transaction Definitions, Valuation, and Boundaries
theoretical
80
Social Accounting Examples: Simplified UK 1960 Accounts and Opening of Table 25
theoretical
81
Table 25: Social Accounts of the U.K., 1960—production, sector, and capital accounts
theoretical
82
Interpretation and accounting conventions for the U.K. social accounts
theoretical
83
Matrix and diagrammatic presentations of national income flows
theoretical
84
Chapter 18 introduction: general framework for departures from perfect competition
chapter
85
Monopoly: selling conditions, costs, equilibrium, discrimination, and efficiency
theoretical
86
Imperfect or monopolistic competition and product differentiation
theoretical
87
Oligopoly with and without product differentiation
theoretical
88
Methods of analysing imperfect markets: marginal analysis, security, and game theory
theoretical
89
Chapter 19: The Realistic Organisation of Production and Distribution
chapter
90
Chapter 20: The Realistic Organisation of the Labour Market
chapter
91
Chapter-Group VIII and Chapter 21: The Theory of International Trade—Comparative Costs and Gains from Trade
theoretical
92
Chapter 21: The Balance of Payments
theoretical
93
Chapter 21: The Foreign Exchange Market
theoretical
94
Chapter 21: Foreign Trade and National Income
theoretical
95
Chapter 22: The Organisation of International Trade—Motives for Government Intervention
chapter
96
Methods of Government Intervention: Tariffs
theoretical
97
Methods of Government Intervention: Quotas
theoretical
98
Methods of Government Intervention: Exchange Control
theoretical
99
International Economic Co-operation: Monetary Co-operation, IMF, and EPU
theoretical
100
International Co-operation in Commercial Policy
theoretical
101
International Investment and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
theoretical
102
Chapter-Group IX and Chapter 23: Welfare Economics and Individual Economic Welfare
chapter
103
Social Welfare, Pareto Improvements, and Optimum Conditions
theoretical
104
Distribution, Interpersonal Utility, and the Compensation Principle
theoretical
105
Chapter 24: Public Finance, Taxation, and Government Control of Resources
chapter
106
Maximum Social Advantage, Taxable Capacity, and Equity in Tax Burdens
theoretical
107
Taxation, Factor Supply, and Incentives
theoretical
108
Taxation, Resource Allocation, and Discriminatory Commodity Taxes
theoretical
109
Fiscal Deficits, Surpluses, and Stabilisation Policy
theoretical
110
Chapter 25: The Organisation of Government Finance — Introduction
chapter
111
Decision-Taking in Expenditure Policy
chapter
112
Revenue Policy and Administrative Preparation of Financial Decisions
chapter
113
Execution of Financial Decisions and Parliamentary Audit
chapter
114
Limitations of Government Accounting and Proposals for Reform
chapter
115
Chapter 26: The General Economic Role of Government
chapter
116
Balance of Payments and Full Employment Policies
chapter
117
Anti-Monopoly Policy: Definition, Detection, and Public Interest
chapter
118
Public Action Against Monopoly and Opening of Chapter-Group X
chapter
119
Chapter 27: Sources of Statistical Information—Introduction and General Sources
chapter
120
Production and Distribution Statistics
chapter
121
Price Statistics and Index Numbers
chapter
122
Income, Expenditure, Saving, and Capital Formation Statistics
chapter
123
Population Statistics, Census Data, and Demographic Projections
chapter
124
Employment and Unemployment Statistics
chapter
125
Trade, Balance of Payments, and the Use of Statistical Facts
chapter
126
Chapter 27 Bibliographies: Books and Government Publications
bibliography
127
Chapter-Group XI: Summing-up and Further Perspective
chapter
128
Chapter 28: The Living Economy—Unity of Theory and the Housing Case
chapter
129
Chapter 28: Economic Growth, Saving, and Capital Accumulation
chapter
130
Chapter 28: Institutions, Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Population in Growth
chapter
131
Index
bibliography
132
Date Due Slip and Library Catalog Record
bibliography