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Der natürliche Werth
1889
by
Wieser
Knowledge Economics
Friedrich von Wieser
Adam Smith
Austrian School
Carl Menger
Classical Economics
David Ricardo
Exchange Value
Ground Rent
Hermann Heinrich Gossen
Interest Rates
Labor Theory of Value
Leon Walras
Marginal Utility
Production Costs
Scarcity
Use Value
Utility
Valuation
William Stanley Jevons
Capitalism
Price Theory
Complementary Goods
Zurechnung
Discount Rate
Fixed Capital
Public Finance
Marginal Cost
Methodology
Subjective Value
Marginalism
Emil Sax
Capital Consumption
Time Preference
Economic Goods
Socialism
Economic Calculation
Eugen von Bohm-Bawerk
Planned Economy
Income Distribution
Purchasing Power
Competition
Entrepreneurship
Interventionism
Objective Value
Poverty
Property Rights
Accounting
Karl Marx
Supply and Demand
Johann Karl Rodbertus
Johann Heinrich von Thunen
Effective Demand
Agriculture
Industrial Revolution
Factors of Production
Raw Materials
Monopoly
Capital Goods
Economic History
Innovation
Depreciation
Insurance
Uncertainty
Interest Theory
Slavery
Abstinence Theory
Ferdinand Lassalle
Opportunity Cost
International Trade
Communism
Iron Law of Wages
Labor Market
Wages
Capital Theory
Subsistence Fund
Political Economy
Roundabout Production
Bureaucracy
Free Trade
Friedrich List
Protectionism
Public Goods
Taxation
Albert Schaffle
Progressive Taxation
Laissez-faire
Empiricism
Individualism
Table of Contents · 98 segments
1
Google Books English Public Domain Notice
essay
2
Google Books German Public Domain Notice
essay
3
Library Marks, Title Page, and Publication Data
essay
4
Preface: Program for a New Theory of Value
theoretical
5
Opening of the Table of Contents
chapter
6
Contents: Elementary Theory of Value
chapter
7
Contents: Exchange Value and Natural Value
chapter
8
Contents: Natural Imputation of Productive Yield
chapter
9
Contents: Natural Value of Land, Capital, and Labor
chapter
10
Contents: Natural Cost Value of Products
chapter
11
Contents: Value in the State Economy and Opening of Part I
chapter
12
Elementary Theory of Value: §1 The Origin of Value
theoretical
13
§2 The Value of Need-Satisfactions
theoretical
14
§3 Gossen’s Law of Satiation of Needs
theoretical
15
§4 The Satiation Scales
theoretical
16
Saturation, Actual Utility, and the Divergence of Value from Usefulness
theoretical
17
Marginal Utility and Economic Allocation
theoretical
18
Future Need Satisfactions, Foresight, and the Opening of Goods Value
theoretical
19
Goods Value: Forms of Interest and the Role of Scarcity
theoretical
20
Scarcity, Free Goods, and the Origin of Goods-Value
theoretical
21
The Valuation of a Single Good
theoretical
22
Valuation of Goods in Stocks and the Law of Marginal Utility
theoretical
23
Beginning of the Value Paradox and Continuation of the Marginal-Value Footnote
theoretical
24
Value Series, Abundance, and the Positive and Negative Elements of Value
theoretical
25
The Value Antinomy and Value as the Calculating Form of Utility
theoretical
26
Value as an Instrument of Economic Calculation
theoretical
27
Exchange Value and Natural Value: The Price
theoretical
28
Subjective Exchange Value
theoretical
29
Subjective Exchange Value, Money, and Replacement Valuation
theoretical
30
Objective Exchange Value as Verkehrswerth
theoretical
31
The Antinomy of Verkehrswerth and the History of Value Theory
theoretical
32
Continuation of the Antinomy of Exchange Value
theoretical
33
The Service of Exchange Value in the National Economy
theoretical
34
Natural Value
theoretical
35
Natural Value as a Neutral Instrument for Existing and Socialist Economies
theoretical
36
The Socialist Theory of Value and Wieser’s Critique
theoretical
37
Transition to the Natural Imputation of Productive Yield
chapter
38
Yield Value and the Problem of Productive Imputation
theoretical
39
The Socialist Interpretation and the Claim to the Full Product of Labor
theoretical
40
Earlier Solutions and the Principle of Productive Contribution
theoretical
41
Contribution versus Cooperation in Imputation
theoretical
42
The Economic Function and Limits of Imputation
theoretical
43
Imputation and the Marginal Law
theoretical
44
The Stock of Productive Goods as a Motive of Imputation
theoretical
45
Need, Effective Demand, and Complementary Goods
theoretical
46
Technology and Changes in Productive Contributions
theoretical
47
Imputation for Cost Goods and Monopoly Goods
theoretical
48
Imputation for Production Factors of Superior Quality
theoretical
49
Natural Ground Rent: Ricardian Differential Rent from Superior Land
theoretical
50
Ricardian Differential Rent from Superior Soil Powers and Intensity Rent
theoretical
51
Critique of Ricardo’s Differential Rent Theory and General Ground Rent
theoretical
52
Part III: The Natural Return on Capital—Productivity, Imputation, and Primitive versus Developed Economies
chapter
53
Physical Productivity of Capital and Net-Return Imputation (continued)
theoretical
54
Natural Value of Land, Capital, and Labor: Introduction
chapter
55
Capital Value and Capital Interest: Discounting
theoretical
56
Capital Interest and the Temporal Valuation of Productive Goods
theoretical
57
The Interest Rate as the General Percentage Increment of Capital
theoretical
58
The Law of Unified Interest-Rate Calculation
theoretical
59
Changes in the Interest Rate
theoretical
60
Valuation of Fixed Capital
theoretical
61
Capitalization, Amortization, Consumption-Loan Interest, and Housing Rent
theoretical
62
The Value of Land
theoretical
63
The Value of Labor
theoretical
64
Labor Value, Socialist Labor-Time Valuation, and Economic Use
theoretical
65
The Value of Productive Goods in Competition between Present and Future Interests
theoretical
66
Natural Cost Value of Products: The Cost Law
theoretical
67
The Concept of Costs: Opening
theoretical
68
The Concept of Costs (Continuation)
theoretical
69
Derivation of the Cost Law and Opening Conditions
theoretical
70
Conditions for the Cost Law: Capital, Reproduction, and Stocks
theoretical
71
Limits of the Cost Law under Perfect Foresight
theoretical
72
The Decisive Measure of Costs
theoretical
73
Cost Law and the General Law of Value
theoretical
74
The Alleged Production Costs of Labor
theoretical
75
Labor, Utility, and the Limits of Economic Explanation
theoretical
76
The Individual Cost Elements
chapter
77
§56 Individual Cost Elements: Preliminary Remarks
theoretical
78
§57 Labor as a Cost Good and the Labor-Theory Premise
theoretical
79
Conditional Validity and Empirical Failure of the Labor Theory
theoretical
80
Why Labor Cannot Be Valued by Utility and Sacrifice at Once
theoretical
81
Indirect Economic Role of Labor Hardship
theoretical
82
Labor as Burden, Labor Supply, and Critique of Sax
theoretical
83
Capital as a Cost Element and the Failure of Materialized Labor Theory
theoretical
84
Capital Interest as Natural Cost and Transition to Ground Rent
theoretical
85
Ground Rent, Differential Rent, and Costs
theoretical
86
The Function of Private-Economic Value in the National Economy
theoretical
87
Part II: Value in the State Economy, Introduction
chapter
88
Exchange Value, German Critiques, and Sax’s Theoretical State Economy
theoretical
89
The Tasks of the State Economy
theoretical
90
Transition to State-Economic Valuation
theoretical
91
Value in the Natural State Economy
theoretical
92
Value in the Empirical State Economy
theoretical
93
Taxation, Individual Value, and Justice in Public Finance
theoretical
94
Section 66: The Fundamental Law of Collective Valuation
theoretical
95
Conclusion: Empirical Method and the Fiction of Natural Value
theoretical
96
Methodological Defense of the Fiction of Communist Society
theoretical
97
Correction on Productive Imputation, Monopoly Goods, and Cost Goods
footnotes
98
Printer Imprint and Library Circulation Marks
bibliography