Richard Thurnwald’s encyclopedia article “Verwaltung” (1929) defines regular administration through institutional differentiation:
Von einer regelmäßigen Verwaltungs-Tätigkeit kann erst in archaischen Staaten gesprochen werden, die ein mit bestimmten Funktionen betrautes Beamtentum als soziale Schicht ausgebildet haben.
English translation: Regular administrative activity can only be spoken of in archaic states that have developed an officialdom entrusted with specific functions as a social stratum.
The decisive threshold is a functionally specialized official stratum. The brief entry then directs substantive treatment to “Staat” and links administration to political authority and social hierarchy through cross-references.
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