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An Economic Review of the Patent System

1958

by Machlup

Fritz MachlupInnovationLiberalismKnowledge EconomicsProperty RightsIndustrial RevolutionOtto von BismarckCustoms UnionFree TradeProtectionismUtilityInternational TradePublic GoodsAdam SmithClassical EconomicsEconomic HistoryJeremy BenthamJohn Stuart MillJean Charles Léonard de SismondiAlbert SchaffleAustrian SchoolCreative DestructionFriedrich von WieserJoseph SchumpeterLeon WalrasLionel RobbinsLudwig von MisesMonopolyAlfred MarshallEconomic PolicyFriedrich A. HayekJohn Bates ClarkIrving FisherExternalitiesFrank KnightJoan RobinsonInvestmentOpportunity CostResource AllocationNatural LawMarginal CostWelfare EconomicsDiminishing ReturnsValuationDiscount RateIncome DistributionUncertaintyAmerican Revolution

Table of Contents · 36 segments

1
Title Page and Publication Informationessay
2
Forewordessay
3
Contents and Publications of the Subcommitteeessay
4
Introduction: Definition and Scope of Patentschapter
5
Historical Survey: Early History Before 1624chapter
6
Historical Survey: Spread of the Patent System, 1624–1850chapter
7
Historical Survey: Rise of the Antipatent Movement, 1850–1873chapter
8
Historical Survey: Victory of Patent Advocates, 1873–1910chapter
9
Institutional Facts and Problems: Conditions, Procedures, and Limits of Patent Protectionchapter
10
Institutional Facts and Problems: Abuse of the Patent Monopolychapter
11
Institutional Facts and Problems: Compulsory Licensingchapter
12
Institutional Facts and Problems: Patent Reform, Alternatives, and International Patent Relationschapter
13
Economic Theory: Early Economic Opinion, 1750–1850theoretical
14
Continuation of Early Economic Opinion on Patent Protectionessay
15
Chief Arguments for Patent Protectiontheoretical
16
Nineteenth-Century Critiques of Patent Arguments (1850–1873)essay
17
Modern Opinion After 1873: Property in Ideas, Patent Monopoly, and Creative Destructionessay
18
Modern Opinion: Patents, Monopoly Power, and Competitionessay
19
Modern Opinion: Reward Theory, Social Usefulness, and Patent Durationessay
20
Modern Opinion: Disclosure of Secrets and the Profit-Incentive Justificationessay
21
Modern Opinion: Incentives to Invent, Resource Diversion, and Corporate Researchessay
22
Modern Opinion: Development Costs, Utilization, and Natural Headstartessay
23
Modern Opinion: Imitation Lag, External Economies, and the Patent Paradoxessay
24
Modern Opinion: Concentration, Suppression of Patents, and Obsolescenceessay
25
Modern Critiques of Patents and Basic Economic Allocation Questionstheoretical
26
Competitive Research, Serendipity, and Fallacies in Patent Theorytheoretical
27
Private and Social Cost and Value: Basic Conceptstheoretical
28
The Cost and Value of Inventionstheoretical
29
The Cost and Value of Additional Inventionstheoretical
30
Continuation: Costs of Extending Patent Monopolytheoretical
31
K. Shortening or Lengthening the Duration of Patentstheoretical
32
L–M. Compulsory Licensing and Restrictive Licensingtheoretical
33
N. Evaluation of the Patent System as a Wholeessay
34
O. Concluding Remarksessay
35
List of Publications Citedbibliography
36
Index of Namesbibliography