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Grundriss der Politischen Ökonomie Bd. 2 Teil 1: Volkswirtschaftspolitik
1920
by
Philippovich
Eugen von Philippovich
Political Economy
Agriculture
Albert Schaffle
Economic Policy
Interventionism
Lorenz von Stein
Johann Karl Rodbertus
Wilhelm Roscher
Banking
Labor Law
Protectionism
Cartels
Cooperatives
Economic Development
Public Goods
Trade Unions
Bureaucracy
Coercion
Laissez-faire
Adam Smith
Adolf Wagner
Carl Menger
Economic History
Physiocracy
Sozialpolitik
Werner Sombart
Feudalism
Property Rights
French Revolution
Karl Kautsky
Political Philosophy
Labor Market
Ground Rent
Inheritance
Lujo Brentano
Corporatism
Subsidies
Competition
Social Democracy
Socialism
Georg Friedrich Knapp
Social Policy
Poverty
Insurance
Max Weber
Production Costs
Classical Economics
David Ricardo
Diminishing Returns
Interest Rates
Price Theory
Karl Bucher
Public Finance
Depreciation
Monetary Theory
Karl Knies
Bank of France
Legal Theory
Usury
Guilds
Mercantilism
Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot
Ferdinand Lassalle
Anthropology
Division of Labor
Market Structure
Gustav Schmoller
Karl Marx
Monopoly
Thorstein Veblen
Education
Otto von Bismarck
Trade Policy
Stock Exchange
Free Trade
Nationalization
Collective Bargaining
Infrastructure
Wages
Democracy
Innovation
Economic Crisis
Capitalism
Productivity
Public Health
Minimum Wage
Collectivism
Fixed Capital
Credit Expansion
Discount Rate
Historical School
International Trade
American Revolution
Balance of Payments
Customs Union
Friedrich List
Imperialism
Capital Theory
Comparative Advantage
David Hume
John Stuart Mill
Dumping
Raw Materials
Geopolitics
Land Reform
Table of Contents · 271 segments
1
Title Page and Publication Notices
bibliography
2
Preface to the Fourth Edition
essay
3
List of Abbreviations
bibliography
4
Table of Contents
bibliography
5
The Concept of Economic Policy
theoretical
6
State and Individual
theoretical
7
Conflicts of Interest in Economic Policy
theoretical
8
Economic Policy as a Scientific Discipline
theoretical
9
Agrarian Constitution in the Eighteenth Century
chapter
10
Freeing Land Ownership and the Peasantry
chapter
11
Distribution of Land Ownership
chapter
12
Large-Scale and Small-Scale Agricultural Enterprise
chapter
13
Leasehold Systems
chapter
14
Leasehold Agriculture, Tenant Protection, and Comparative Tenancy Statistics
chapter
15
Free Divisibility and Bound Landownership
theoretical
16
Bibliography on Free Divisibility and Land Distribution
bibliography
17
Family Entails and Bound Landownership
chapter
18
The Anerbe Right and Peasant Farm Inheritance
chapter
19
Limits and economic effects of the Anerbenrecht
chapter
20
German evidence and legislation on Anerbenrecht
chapter
21
Austrian traditions and laws on farm inheritance and land division
chapter
22
Bibliography on Anerbenrecht and agricultural inheritance reform
bibliography
23
Restrictions on inter vivos land subdivision
chapter
24
References on parcel overvaluation and land-breaking speculation
bibliography
25
Rent-Charge Estates and Internal Colonization
chapter
26
Organization of Agricultural Interests: Interest Representation
chapter
27
Agricultural Councils as Official Interest Representation
chapter
28
Why Agricultural Associations Form Unified Occupational Representation
chapter
29
German Agricultural Associations and Prussian Chambers
chapter
30
Austrian Landeskulturräte and Agricultural Advisory Councils
chapter
31
Agrarian Parties, Agricultural Crisis, and Political Organization
chapter
32
Bibliography on Agricultural Associations and Chambers
bibliography
33
Origins and Expansion of Agricultural Cooperatives
chapter
34
Conditions for Effective Agricultural Cooperatives
chapter
35
Local Agricultural Cooperatives: Credit, Supply, Dairy, Marketing, and Productive Forms
chapter
36
Central Agricultural Cooperatives and the Spiritus Marketing Association
chapter
37
Economic, Social, and International Significance of Rural Cooperatives
chapter
38
Bibliography on Agricultural Cooperatives
bibliography
39
Movement for Agricultural Occupational Corporations
chapter
40
Design Questions for Compulsory Agricultural Occupational Cooperatives
chapter
41
Agricultural Professional Associations and Chambers
chapter
42
Public Ownership and Land Nationalization
chapter
43
Bibliography on Public Land Ownership and Land Nationalization
bibliography
44
General Forms of Rural Labor Relations
chapter
45
Rural Labor Relations in Germany
chapter
46
Austria: Types and Numbers of Rural Laborers
chapter
47
Great Britain: Decline and Transformation of Agricultural Labor
chapter
48
The Rural Labor Question: Labor Scarcity and Its Causes
chapter
49
Policy Task: Strengthening the Attractiveness of Rural Life
chapter
50
Large Estates, Social Dependence, and Inner Colonization
chapter
51
Peasant Districts, Farm Servants, and Rural Social Protection
chapter
52
Rural Laborers, Land Flight, and Agricultural Worker Protection
chapter
53
Bibliography on the Rural Labor Question
bibliography
54
Agricultural Production Policy and Farm Operation Systems
chapter
55
Improved Three-Field Farming, Crop Rotation, and Free Cultivation
chapter
56
Operating Systems, Gross Yield, and Food Supply
chapter
57
Ricardo’s Law of Diminishing Soil Returns and Conditions for Intensification
chapter
58
Liebig’s Nutrient Theory, Soil Statics, and Soil as Capital
chapter
59
Agricultural Production Policy and Evidence of Nineteenth-Century Intensification
chapter
60
Bibliography on Farming Systems and Agrarian Policy
bibliography
61
Commons, Servitudes, Scattered Holdings, and Flurzwang
chapter
62
Gemeinheitsteilungen and the Debate over Dividing Commons
chapter
63
Criteria for Dividing Commons and Abolishing Servitudes
chapter
64
Extent, Effects, and Legal Treatment of Commons and Servitudes
chapter
65
Bibliography for Commons, Servitudes, and Agrarian Rights
bibliography
66
Field Consolidation and Parcel Reorganization
chapter
67
Bibliography for Field Consolidation
bibliography
68
Meliorations: Soil Improvement and Water Management
chapter
69
Benefits of Agricultural Land Melioration
chapter
70
Obstacles to Melioration and State Assistance
chapter
71
Public Land-Culture Technical Services
chapter
72
Water Law and Water Cooperatives
chapter
73
Financing Meliorations and Melioration Credit
chapter
74
Literature on Land Melioration
bibliography
75
State Measures to Improve Agricultural Operating Technique
chapter
76
State Measures to Improve Farm Technology: Scientific and Practical Agricultural Education
chapter
77
Organization of Agricultural Schools, Specialist Instruction, and Extension Teaching
chapter
78
History of Agricultural Instruction and the Rise of Experiment Stations
chapter
79
Positive State Measures for Raising Agricultural Production Technique
chapter
80
Agricultural Police Measures: Field Protection, Pest Control, Epidemics, and Compensation
chapter
81
Agricultural Insurance: General Insurance Forms and Farming-Specific Risks
chapter
82
Limits of Insurance for Major Agricultural Catastrophes
chapter
83
Hail Insurance and Agricultural Risk Organization
chapter
84
Livestock Insurance and Local Mutual Associations
chapter
85
Agricultural Credit Needs and Forms of Credit
chapter
86
Possession Credit for Land Purchase and Inheritance
chapter
87
Investment or Melioration Credit for Land Improvements
chapter
88
Agricultural Operating Credit
chapter
89
Measurement and Regional Patterns of Agricultural Indebtedness in Germany
chapter
90
Austrian Rural Mortgage Debt and Its Causes
chapter
91
Bibliography on Agricultural Credit and Indebtedness
bibliography
92
Mortgage Credit and Its Misuse for Operating Needs
chapter
93
Risks of Mortgage Debt and Goals of Mortgage Policy
chapter
94
Permissible Mortgage Debt, Interest Rates, and Agricultural Yield
chapter
95
Valuation, Lending Limits, and the Farmer’s Labor Income
chapter
96
Agricultural Mortgage Law: Rent Debt Instead of Capital Debt
chapter
97
Amortization Mortgages, Mortgage Insurance, and Life Insurance for Rural Debt Relief
chapter
98
Literature on Agricultural Mortgage Debt Reform
bibliography
99
Organization of Mortgage Credit: Private and Institutional Credit
chapter
100
Mortgage Institutions, Pfandbrief Banks, Cooperatives, and Public Credit Systems
chapter
101
Literature on the Organization of Mortgage Credit
bibliography
102
Agricultural movable credit and Lombard credit through warehouse warrants
chapter
103
Bibliography on agricultural Lombard credit and warehouse warrants
bibliography
104
Need for rural personal credit and special agricultural credit institutions
chapter
105
Schulze-Delitzsch advance associations versus Raiffeisen rural loan funds
chapter
106
Expansion of Raiffeisen credit cooperatives and central cooperative finance in Europe
chapter
107
Usury in rural credit and anti-usury legislation in Austria and Germany
chapter
108
References on usury and credit law
bibliography
109
Bibliography on rural personal credit and cooperative loan funds
bibliography
110
Debt Relief for Landownership and the Agricultural Debt Limit
chapter
111
Bibliography on Agricultural Credit, Debt Relief, and Debt Limits
bibliography
112
Homestead Law and Reform of Forced Execution
chapter
113
Objections to Agricultural Homestead Law
theoretical
114
North American Homesteads and European Homestead Movements
theoretical
115
Foreclosure Reforms Inspired by the Homestead Movement
theoretical
116
Bibliography on Homestead Rights and Forced Execution
bibliography
117
Book Two: Industrial Policy and the Organization of Industrial Production
chapter
118
Foundations of Modern Production Organization: The Eighteenth-Century Guild Constitution
chapter
119
Bibliography on Guilds and Austrian Mercantilist Industrial Policy
bibliography
120
The Transition to Freedom of Trade and Industry
chapter
121
Bibliography on Freedom of Trade and Guild Reform
bibliography
122
Changes in the Labor Constitution under Industrial Freedom
chapter
123
Bibliography on the Worker Question and Labor Relations
bibliography
124
Industrial Business Systems in General
chapter
125
Continuation on Industrial Operating Systems and Literature
bibliography
126
The Factory as Industrial Large-Scale Enterprise
chapter
127
House Industry and Home Work
chapter
128
Competition of Handicraft with Factory and House Industry
chapter
129
Contemporary Handicraft Policy in Germany and Austria
chapter
130
The Certificate of Competence for Crafts
chapter
131
State Organization of Handicraft
chapter
132
Free Cooperatives of Handicraft
chapter
133
Positive State Promotion of Handicraft
chapter
134
State Promotion of Handicrafts through Education, Credit, Technology, and Sales Support
chapter
135
Bibliography on Apprenticeship and Industrial Education
bibliography
136
Organization of Industrial Interests: Chambers, Associations, and Employer Federations
chapter
137
Bibliography on Economic Interest Representation and Employer Associations
bibliography
138
Joint-Stock Companies: Economic Importance, Legal Regulation, Taxation, and Limited Liability Firms
chapter
139
Bibliography on Joint-Stock Companies and Limited Liability Companies
bibliography
140
Cartels, Trusts, and Other Monopoly Organizations
chapter
141
Cartel Pricing, Export Sales, and Empirical Investigations
theoretical
142
Bibliography on Cartels, Trusts, and Industrial Associations
bibliography
143
The Permanence and Social Dangers of Industrial Monopolies
theoretical
144
Aims and Difficulties of Monopoly Regulation
theoretical
145
Indirect Anti-Monopoly Policy and Comparative Legal Measures
theoretical
146
Bibliography on Monopoly and Cartel Law
bibliography
147
State Organization of Industry and Industrial Self-Administration
theoretical
148
Tasks and Limits of Compulsory Industrial Occupational Organization
theoretical
149
Public Corporations and the Limits of State Industrial Production
theoretical
150
The Position of Workers in Industrial Production Organization
chapter
151
Labor Law and the Social-Policy Critique of Individual Freedom of Contract
chapter
152
Bibliography on Labor Relations, Labor Law, and the Labor Question
bibliography
153
Freedom of Coalition, Strikes, Lockouts, and the Abolition of Coalition Bans
chapter
154
Legal restrictions on worker coalition freedom
theoretical
155
Limits of coalition freedom in essential and public services
theoretical
156
Right to strike, contract breach, and public arbitration
theoretical
157
Bibliography on coalition rights, strikes, and contract breach
bibliography
158
Why worker coalitions need permanent unions
theoretical
159
Forms and internal organization of trade unions
theoretical
160
Union benefits, collective contracts, representation, and education
theoretical
161
Scale, Administration, and Political Tendencies of Trade Unions
theoretical
162
Effects of Trade Union Membership on Workers and Labor Standards
theoretical
163
Employers, Managerial Freedom, and Union Co-determination
theoretical
164
Practical Limits and Vulnerabilities of Trade Unions
theoretical
165
Trade Union Policy, Market Order, and International Statistics
theoretical
166
Bibliography on Trade Unions and Labor Organizations
bibliography
167
Collective Labor Contracts and Tariff Agreements
theoretical
168
Collective Tariff Agreements: Terms, Enforceability, and Worker Freedom
theoretical
169
Bibliography on Tariff Contracts and Collective Wage Agreements
bibliography
170
Comparative Legal Regulation of Collective and Tariff Contracts
theoretical
171
Worker Committees in Enterprise Governance and Labor-Contract Administration
theoretical
172
Bibliography on Worker Committees
bibliography
173
Worker Chambers and Labor Chambers as Interest Representation
theoretical
174
Worker Representation and the Functions of Labor Chambers
theoretical
175
Historical Proposals and Comparative Experience with Labor Offices and Labor Chambers
chapter
176
Bibliography on Labor Chambers and Labor Statistics
bibliography
177
The Principle of State Worker Protection
theoretical
178
Bibliography on the Principles of Worker Protection
bibliography
179
Development of Worker Protection Legislation and Early English Factory Laws
chapter
180
Prussian and German Worker Protection Legislation
chapter
181
Austrian Worker Protection Legislation
chapter
182
French and Swiss Worker Protection Legislation
chapter
183
International Worker Protection Movement and Institutions
chapter
184
Significance of International Worker Protection
chapter
185
Bibliography on Worker Protection Legislation
bibliography
186
Work Rules as Formal Labor Contract Terms
chapter
187
Notice and Termination in Labor Contracts
chapter
188
Work Books and Wage Records
chapter
189
Labor certificates, factory work rules, wage books, and notice rights
chapter
190
Literature on labor contracts, work rules, and worker protection
bibliography
191
Personal labor protection for children, juveniles, and women
chapter
192
Literature on women’s employment and factory work
bibliography
193
The maximum working day and state intervention in adult male labor contracts
theoretical
194
Maximum Working Day: Health, Culture, and Statutory Regulation
chapter
195
Overtime, Rodbertus’s Normal Workday, and International Working-Time Evidence
chapter
196
Bibliography on Working Time and the Maximum Workday
bibliography
197
Sunday Rest and Legal Exceptions
chapter
198
Night Work and Conditions for Its Restriction
chapter
199
Rest Pauses, Sunday Rest, and Night Work Prohibitions
chapter
200
Bibliography on Sunday Work and Night Work
bibliography
201
Workplace Protection, Industrial Hygiene, and Hazardous Trades
chapter
202
Bibliography on Industrial Hygiene and Workplace Safety
bibliography
203
Worker Protection in Crafts and Home Industry
chapter
204
Protection of Home Workers and Extension of Labor Protection Laws
chapter
205
Factory and Trade Inspection
chapter
206
Bibliography on Factory and Trade Inspection
bibliography
207
Conciliation Boards, Arbitration Courts, and Trade Courts
chapter
208
English Origins and Models of Arbitration and Conciliation Boards
theoretical
209
State Support and Mandatory Arbitration in Labor Disputes
theoretical
210
Industrial Courts and Their Distinction from Conciliation Offices
theoretical
211
Bibliography on Conciliation Offices, Arbitration, and Industrial Courts
bibliography
212
Summary: Transformation of the Worker’s Position under Industrial Labor Law
theoretical
213
Enterprise Organization, Wage Labor, and the Limits of Collectivist Interpretation
theoretical
214
Durable Value of Labor Law and Social Reform Beyond Present Economic Forms
theoretical
215
Second Section: Industrial Production Policy
chapter
216
Industrial Administration and the Conditions for Promoting Manufacturing Production
chapter
217
Direct State Favors: Tariffs, Privileges, Tax Relief, and Subventions
chapter
218
Premium Subsidies and Export Premiums
theoretical
219
Public Procurement and State Orders as Industrial Policy
theoretical
220
Patent and Design Protection as Instruments of Industrial Promotion
theoretical
221
Trademark Protection and International Industrial Property Law
theoretical
222
Bibliography on Patents, Trademarks, and Industrial Property Protection
bibliography
223
Industrial Education and the Promotion of Industrial Production
chapter
224
Bibliography on Industrial and Vocational Education
bibliography
225
Industrial Credit: Types and Economic Significance
theoretical
226
Bibliography on Industrial Credit and Credit Theory
bibliography
227
Industrial Fixed-Investment Credit and Company Promotion
theoretical
228
Industrial Working Credit, Bills of Exchange, and Credit Risk
theoretical
229
Discounting Open Book Claims and Unaccepted Drafts
theoretical
230
Construction Credit and Losses of Building Tradesmen
theoretical
231
Section 77 Heading
chapter
232
Industrial Credit: Scale, Crisis Risks, and Credit Information Institutions
chapter
233
Credit Organization of Large-Scale Industry
chapter
234
Bibliography on Large-Scale Industrial Credit and Securities Banks
bibliography
235
Credit Organization of Small Trade and Handicraft
chapter
236
Bibliography on Small-Trade Credit and Opening of Foreign Trade Policy
bibliography
237
Foreign Trade and Trade Policy
chapter
238
Literature on Foreign Trade and Trade Policy
bibliography
239
Mercantilist Trade Policy
chapter
240
Mercantilism, Colonial Monopoly, and Navigation Policy
essay
241
Literature on Mercantilism
bibliography
242
The Development Toward Free Trade
chapter
243
Literature on the History of Free-Trade Policy
bibliography
244
List, National Labor, and the Return to Protectionism after the 1870s
chapter
245
World Trade, Imperial Preference, and New Trade Treaties after the 1870s
chapter
246
Literature on Trade Policy since the 1870s
bibliography
247
The Free-Trade Theory
theoretical
248
Literature and Thinkers of Free-Trade Theory
bibliography
249
Theories of Protective Tariffs
theoretical
250
Literature on Protective-Tariff Theory
bibliography
251
Customs Duties and Tariff Forms
chapter
252
Examples and Literature on Tariff Types
bibliography
253
The Effects of Protective Tariffs
theoretical
254
Literature on Increasing Costs and Tariff Limits
bibliography
255
Grain Tariffs
chapter
256
Literature and Debate on Grain Tariffs
bibliography
257
Cartels and Tariffs
chapter
258
Protective Tariffs, Cartels, Dumping, and International Industrial Organization
theoretical
259
Bibliography on Protective Tariffs and Cartels
bibliography
260
Export Refunds and Export Bounties
theoretical
261
Bibliography on Export Bounties and Tax Restitution
bibliography
262
Trade Treaties in General
theoretical
263
Bibliography on Trade Treaties
bibliography
264
Trade-Policy Side Agreements
theoretical
265
Bibliography on Processing Trade, Rail Tariffs, and Veterinary Controls
bibliography
266
Most-Favored-Nation Treatment and Reciprocity
theoretical
267
Customs Unions
theoretical
268
Trade Treaties and Customs Unions: Obstacles and Central European Projects
chapter
269
Export Promotion
chapter
270
Bibliography on Export Promotion
bibliography
271
Register Index
bibliography