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From Enlightenment to Revolution

1975

by Voegelin

Eric VoegelinPolitical PhilosophyNatural LawVoltaireAuguste ComteMarxismTotalitarianismKarl MarxPositivismJohn LockeAncient PhilosophyJeremy BenthamFriedrich NietzscheUtilitarianismClass StruggleVladimir LeninPublic GoodsAristotleAnarchismSyndicalismDemographyHistorical SchoolAnne-Robert-Jacques TurgotCommunismGeorg Wilhelm Friedrich HegelJean-Jacques RousseauVilfredo ParetoBenito MussoliniPhenomenologyGeopoliticsLegal TheoryDemocracyNationalismEgalitarianismImperialismJohn Stuart MillLiberalismFrench RevolutionJoseph StalinNapoleon BonapartePlatoImmanuel KantProletariatAnthropologyAdolf HitlerRussian RevolutionFederalismDialectical MaterialismKarl KautskyRosa LuxemburgFriedrich EngelsInnovationIdeologyDivision of LaborProperty RightsProgressive Taxation

Table of Contents · 93 segments

1
Front Matter and Table of Contentsessay
2
Editor’s Prefaceessay
3
Chapter I Opening: Enlightenment, Epoch Consciousness, and the Historical Crisis of Universalitychapter
4
Secularized Historychapter
5
The “esprit humain” as the Object of Historychapter
6
The Structure of Intramundane Historychapter
7
Bossuet’s Histoire des variations des églises protestanteschapter
8
Bossuet’s Conférence avec M. Claudechapter
9
The Dynamics of Secularizationchapter
10
Voltaire’s Attackchapter
11
The Elemens de Philosophie de Newtonchapter
12
The Foundation of Ethicschapter
13
The Meaning of Reasonchapter
14
Voltaire: Procedural Virtues and the Paradise of Compassionchapter
15
Helvétius and the Genealogy of Passionschapter
16
Helvétius and the Heritage of Pascalchapter
17
Helvétius: General Interest, Class Struggle, the Jesuit Order, and Voegelin's Conclusionchapter
18
Positivism and Its Antecedents: Western Crisis, Comte, and D’Alembert’s Discourschapter
19
D’Alembert’s Encyclopédie: Genealogy of Knowledge, Progress, Justice, and Revolttheoretical
20
The Disappearance of the Bios Theoretikos in Positivist Utilitarianismtheoretical
21
Toward a New Pouvoir Spirituel: D’Alembert’s Deism and Moral Catechismtheoretical
22
Progress and the Authoritative Presenttheoretical
23
Securing the Present: D’Alembert, Technology, Turgot, and Comte’s Dogmatic Positivismtheoretical
24
Turgot’s Definition of Progress and the Masse Totaletheoretical
25
The Loss of the Christian Meaning of Historytheoretical
26
Sacred history, progress, and the evoked masse totaletheoretical
27
Loss of the Christian ideas of man and mankindtheoretical
28
Utilitarian immaturity, tribalism of mankind, and profane historytheoretical
29
Turgot’s categories of historytheoretical
30
Turgot’s Historical Categories: Metathesis, Political Rhythm, Upheaval, Mélange, Stagnation, and Inequalitytheoretical
31
Turgot’s Dilemma: Progress of Civilization versus Constant Human Naturetheoretical
32
After Turgot: Progress, Political Existence, and the Short-Circuit Evocation of Elitestheoretical
33
Emphasis on Political Existence: Critics of Progress and Activist Elite Movementstheoretical
34
Emphasis on Progress: Beginning of an Alternative Response to Turgot’s Dilemmatheoretical
35
Emphasis on Progress: Phenomenal Science, Myth, and Political Religiontheoretical
36
The Géographie Politique: Earth, Nation, and the Metaphysics of the Presenttheoretical
37
Religion and Political Geography: Universal Religion, Tolerance, and Positivist Progresstheoretical
38
Turgot's Positivism, Nationalism, and the National Statetheoretical
39
Condorcet and the Gospel of Progresstheoretical
40
Opening Thesis of Chapter VI on Comtechapter
41
The Split in the Life of Comtechapter
42
Comte’s Positivist Eschatology: Liberalism, Continuity, Phases, and Meditationtheoretical
43
Intervention and Social Regenerationtheoretical
44
The Divinization of Womantheoretical
45
The Religion of Humanity and the French Revolution: Comte’s New Erachapter
46
The Historicity of the Mind and the Apocalypse of Mantheoretical
47
The Grand-Être and the Fiction of Christtheoretical
48
France and the Occidental Republictheoretical
49
Napoleon and the Occidental Republictheoretical
50
The Heritage of the French Revolution and the Revolution-Restoration Crisistheoretical
51
The Permanent Revolution of the Liberalstheoretical
52
Internationalismtheoretical
53
Continuation of Restoration Christian Unity Literature and Notesfootnotes
54
De Maistre, Apocalyptic Restoration Thought, and the Holy Alliancetheoretical
55
Saint-Simon, Scientific Positivism, Industrialism, and Technocratic Ordertheoretical
56
Revolutionary Existence: Bakunin — Chapter Introductionchapter
57
Reaction and Revolutionchapter
58
Bakunin’s Confessionchapter
59
Bakunin's Confession, Repentance, and Love of the Enemytheoretical
60
Disillusionment and Repentancetheoretical
61
Faith Under Willtheoretical
62
Pan-Slavic Imperialismtheoretical
63
Revolt of the Soul versus Marxian Necessitytheoretical
64
Bakunin: The Anarchist—Introduction and Terrorismchapter
65
Kropotkin and the Anthropology of Anarchismtheoretical
66
Tolstoi, Gandhi, and Bakunin’s Revolutionary Foundationtheoretical
67
The Nechaiev Affair and the Opening of The Principles of Revolutiontheoretical
68
Footnotes on the Nechaiev Affair and Bakunin’s Revolutionary Writingsfootnotes
69
The Principles of Revolution: Destruction, Amorphism, and Pneumatic Diseasetheoretical
70
Self-annihilation—the Mystical Leaptheoretical
71
The Mystery of Evil in Historical Existencetheoretical
72
The Late Work of Bakunintheoretical
73
Satanism and Materialismtheoretical
74
Bakunin’s Materialism, Revolt, and Freedomtheoretical
75
Marx as Activist Mystic and the Problem of Interpreting Marxtheoretical
76
Marx’s Vision: The Realms of Necessity and Freedomtheoretical
77
The Derailment of Marx into Preparation for Revolutiontheoretical
78
The Marxist Movement—Revisionismtheoretical
79
The Marxist Movement—Communismtheoretical
80
Russian Imperialism and the Derailment of Marxismtheoretical
81
Inverted Dialectics, Logophobia, and Historical Materialismtheoretical
82
Pseudological Speculationtheoretical
83
Inversiontheoretical
84
Marx: The Genesis of Gnostic Socialismchapter
85
Marx’s Gnostic Socialism: Revolutionary Practice, Feuerbach, and the Critique of Religion and Politicschapter
86
German Proletarian Revolution, Reformation, and Human Emancipationtheoretical
87
Substance and Process of Historytheoretical
88
Industrial Alienation: Specialization and Economic Interdependencetheoretical
89
Socialistic Man, True Communism, and the Communist Manifestotheoretical
90
Marxist Revolutionary Tactics after 1848theoretical
91
Conclusion: Marx as Gnostic Socialism and Industrial Alienationchapter
92
Indexbibliography
93
Other Duke University Press Books in Paperbackbibliography