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Prosperity and Depression: A Theoretical Analysis of Cyclical Movements
1946
by
Gottfried Haberler
Business Cycles
Gottfried Haberler
League of Nations
Great Depression
Acceleration Principle
Multiplier
Ricardo Effect
Unemployment
Wage Rigidity
Business Cycle Theory
Effective Demand
Friedrich A. Hayek
Gold Standard
Investment
John Maynard Keynes
Liquidity
Monetary Theory
Jan Tinbergen
Methodology
Alfred Marshall
Central Banking
Credit Expansion
Discount Rate
Irving Fisher
Open Market Operations
Velocity of Circulation
Capital Structure
Capital Theory
Fixed Capital
Supply and Demand
Alvin Hansen
Arthur Cecil Pigou
Joseph Schumpeter
Knut Wicksell
Austrian School
Forced Saving
Fritz Machlup
Lionel Robbins
Ludwig von Mises
Natural Rate of Interest
Roundabout Production
Wilhelm Ropke
Balance of Payments
Capital Movements
Exchange Control
Arthur Spiethoff
Capital Goods
Gustav Cassel
Karl Marx
Economic Crisis
Interest Rates
Cartels
Deflation
Hoarding
Entrepreneurship
Innovation
Profit and Loss
Economic Goods
Ragnar Frisch
Depreciation
Speculation
Expectations
Wages
Money Supply
Inflation
Planned Economy
Production Costs
Diminishing Returns
Marginal Cost
Boom and Bust
Price Level
Emil Lederer
Capital Accumulation
Neutral Money
Gunnar Myrdal
Income Distribution
Money Market
Uncertainty
Elasticity of Demand
Price Theory
Saving
International Trade
Labor Mobility
Classical Economics
Joan Robinson
John Hicks
Infrastructure
National Income
Fiscal Policy
Underconsumption
Alfred Amonn
Jacob Viner
Oskar Lange
Welfare Economics
Real Income
Monetary Policy
Capital Flight
Banking
Banknotes
Factors of Production
Labor Market
Trade Unions
Deficit Spending
Protectionism
Perfect Competition
Oskar Morgenstern
Devaluation
Gold Reserves
Purchasing Power
Exchange Rates
Reparations
Keynesian Economics
Mathematical Economics
Paul Samuelson
Capital Intensity
Nicholas Kaldor
War Economy
Federal Reserve
Table of Contents · 113 segments
1
Title Pages and Publication Note
essay
2
Preface to the Original Edition
essay
3
Preface to the 1939 Edition
essay
4
Preface to the 1941 Edition
essay
5
Contents and Analytical Table of Contents
essay
6
Introduction
theoretical
7
Chapter 1: Preliminary Remarks
chapter
8
Chapter 2: The Purely Monetary Theory
chapter
9
Chapter 3: The Over-Investment Theories, General Characteristics
chapter
10
Classification of Over-investment Theories
theoretical
11
The Monetary Over-investment Theories
chapter
12
International Complications in the Monetary Over-Investment Theory
theoretical
13
Concluding Remarks on the Monetary Over-Investment Theory
theoretical
14
Non-Monetary Over-Investment Theories: General Characteristics and the Upswing
theoretical
15
The Down-Turn or Crisis in Non-Monetary Over-Investment Theory
theoretical
16
The Downswing or Depression in Spiethoff’s Theory
theoretical
17
The Upturn or Revival in Non-Monetary Over-Investment Theory
theoretical
18
Rhythm, International Complications, and Introduction to the Acceleration Principle
theoretical
19
Statement of the Acceleration Principle
theoretical
20
Acceleration of Derived Demand from Durable Producers’ Goods
theoretical
21
Acceleration of Derived Demand for Durable Consumption Goods
theoretical
22
Acceleration of Derived Demand from Permanent Stocks of Goods
theoretical
23
Generalised Statement of the Acceleration Principle
theoretical
24
Qualifications to the Acceleration Principle
theoretical
25
Continuation: Adventurous Versus Routine Investment and Reciprocal Demand-Capital Interaction
theoretical
26
Initial Impulse and Factors Determining Accelerator Effects
theoretical
27
Financing New Investment and the Accelerator in Over-Investment Expansion
theoretical
28
Causes of Breakdown: Capital Shortage, Aftalion, and Röpke
theoretical
29
Chapter 4 Introduction: Partial Causes of Crises and Depressions
chapter
30
Changes in Cost, Labour Efficiency, and Mitchell’s Cost Theory
theoretical
31
Horizontal Maladjustments, Error Theories, and General Depression
theoretical
32
Over-Indebtedness and Fisher’s Debt-Deflation Theory
theoretical
33
Debt-Deflation and Financial Organisation in Depression
theoretical
34
Chapter 5 Introduction: Under-Consumption Theories
chapter
35
Different Types of Under-Consumption Theories
theoretical
36
Consumers’ Demand versus Shortage of Capital
theoretical
37
Lagging Wages and the Excesses of the Boom
theoretical
38
Chapter 6 Introduction: Psychological Theories
chapter
39
Psychological Factors in Business-Cycle Explanation
theoretical
40
Psychological Theories: Summary and Relation to Other Theories
theoretical
41
Harvest Theories and the Relation between Agriculture and the Business Cycle
chapter
42
Closed-Economy Real Elasticity Theories of Harvest Effects
theoretical
43
Agricultural Raw Materials, Real Wages, and Labour Migration
theoretical
44
Non-Agricultural Consumers’ Goods and Farmers’ Purchasing Power
theoretical
45
Investment and Saving Effects of Crop Fluctuations
theoretical
46
International Aspects and Summary of Agriculture’s Influence on the Business Cycle
theoretical
47
Influence of the Business Cycle on Agriculture
theoretical
48
Chapter 8 Introduction: Recent Discussions on Trade Cycle Theory
chapter
49
Saving and Investment: Everyday Ambiguity, Neo-Wicksellian Usage, and Keynesian Equality
theoretical
50
Deflation, Hoarding, and Keynes’s Treatise Terminology
theoretical
51
Robertson’s Period Analysis and the Distinction between Money Income and Output Value
theoretical
52
Swedish Ex Ante and Ex Post Analysis of Saving, Investment, and Credit
theoretical
53
Critique and Refinement of Ohlin’s Ex Ante Schedule Theory
theoretical
54
Hawtrey, Keynes, and the Motives behind Saving and Investment
theoretical
55
§ 3. Hoarding, Liquidity Preference and the Rate of Interest
theoretical
56
§ 4. The Multiplier and the Marginal Propensity to Consume
theoretical
57
Government Consumption, Investment, and the Multiplier
theoretical
58
Keynesian Under-Employment Equilibrium and Business-Cycle Categories
theoretical
59
Voluntary and Involuntary Unemployment, Wage Rigidity, and Real Wages
theoretical
60
Money-Wage Reductions, Price Flexibility, Chronic Under-Consumption, and Secular Stagnation
theoretical
61
Macroscopic Analysis, Static Theory, and Dynamic Business-Cycle Methodology
theoretical
62
Expectations, Sequence Analysis, and Dynamic Business-Cycle Models
theoretical
63
Part II and Chapter 9: Defining Crisis, Depression, Prosperity, and Measurement Criteria
chapter
64
The Business Cycle in the General and Technical Senses
chapter
65
Basic Facts About the Business Cycle
theoretical
66
The Secular Trend
theoretical
67
Business Cycles and Long Waves
theoretical
68
Is a General Theory of the Cycle Possible?
theoretical
69
Two Regular Features of the Cycle
theoretical
70
Chapter 9: Production and Employment by Groups of Industries
theoretical
71
Chapter 10: The Process of Expansion and Contraction — Introduction
chapter
72
Expansion Mechanisms with Unemployed Resources and Full Employment
theoretical
73
The Monetary Analysis of the Expansion Process
theoretical
74
Why Producers’ Goods and Durable Goods Rise Faster than Perishable Consumers’ Goods
theoretical
75
Saving and the Expansion Process
theoretical
76
The Contraction Process: General Description of the Mechanism
theoretical
77
Monetary Analysis of the Contraction Process
theoretical
78
Cumulative fall in investment
theoretical
79
Drying-up of investible funds and central-bank deflation
theoretical
80
Hoarding of gold and bank notes by private individuals
theoretical
81
Contraction of commercial bank credit
theoretical
82
Hoarding by industrial and commercial firms
theoretical
83
Liquidation of non-bank debts and forced asset sales
theoretical
84
Sales of securities and assets to cover losses
theoretical
85
Speculative sales and scales of liquidity
theoretical
86
Why producers’ and durable goods fall faster than consumers’ and perishable goods
theoretical
87
Chapter II: The Turning-Points. Crisis and Revival — Introduction
chapter
88
The Down-Turn: Method of Procedure and Proximate Causes of Contraction
theoretical
89
Why Expansion Reduces Resistance to Deflationary Shocks
theoretical
90
Disturbances Created by the Process of Expansion Itself
theoretical
91
The Up-turn: Revival — Introduction
chapter
92
The Proximate Causes of Revival
chapter
93
Why the Economic System Becomes More Responsive to Expansionary Stimuli
chapter
94
Expansionary Tendencies Likely to Arise During Contraction
chapter
95
Chapter 12: International Aspects of Business Cycles — Introduction
chapter
96
Influence of Transport Costs and Imperfect Mobility of Goods
theoretical
97
Localisation of Investment, Credit and Banking: Imperfect Mobility of Capital
theoretical
98
National Currency Autonomy, Gold Standards and Exchange Standards
theoretical
99
Exchange-Rate Variation, Devaluation and Abnormal Capital Movements
theoretical
100
Free Exchanges, Capital Movements and the International Transmission of Cycles
theoretical
101
Part III and Chapter 13 § I: Further Observations on the Theory of the Multiplier
chapter
102
Chapter 13 § 2: The Foreign Trade Multiplier
theoretical
103
Chapter 13 § 3: The Multiplier and the Acceleration Principle in Dynamic Models
theoretical
104
Chapter 13 § 4: The Problem of the Turning Points
theoretical
105
Professor Hayek’s Ricardo Effect
theoretical
106
Price Inflexibility, Wage Rigidity and Unemployment
theoretical
107
On Certain Limitations to a Spending Policy
theoretical
108
Appendix I: Description of Indices Illustrating Cyclical Movement in Various Countries
chapter
109
Appendix II: Curves on Production and Employment by Industry Groups
chapter
110
Appendix II: Statistical Sources for Germany, Sweden, and Australia
bibliography
111
Name Index to Parts I and II
bibliography
112
Subject Index to Parts I and II
bibliography
113
Name and Subject Index to Part III
bibliography