3,801 works, 471 books, 3,267 articles, 60 other works, 3 awaiting classification, 150 years of economic thought. Each one summarized and searchable, with cited passages inside.
A customs barrier can be undercut by the freight rate charged to cross it. In this 1904 monograph, Ernst Seidler and Alexander Freud examine how railway concessions for imports, exports, and transit can work against a state’s declared commercial policy. Comparisons involving grain, flax, cement, and other goods expose the practical stakes: foreign merchandise may travel more cheaply than domestic products, while concessions intended to help exporters may also assist their competitors. Writing from an explicitly protectionist perspective, the authors argue for selective coordination of railway pricing and customs policy rather than a blanket rejection of reduced rates. Their analysis lets readers follow how routes, dispatch stations, commodity classifications, and treaty clauses distribute competitive advantages—and why public control must still reckon with railways’ financial viability.