Karlheinz Muhr Library

The Complete “Austrian School of Economics” Collection


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1,549 works, 150 years of economic thought. Each one summarized and searchable, with cited passages inside.

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1–12 of 15 matches · 1,549 works totalPage 1 of 2; every summary opens into its work.
  1. 1917
    Emprunts et impôts de guerre à Genève pendant la Restauration, 1814-1816

    Emprunts et impôts de guerre à Genève pendant la Restauration, 1814-1816

    William E. Rappard · 15 sections

    Rappard presents this study as a precise correction to Genevan Restoration historiography: diplomacy, constitutional change, and civic memory are already well illuminated, but public finance remains obscure. The omission matters because fiscal practice reveals how a revived republic actually survived.

  2. 1925
    International Relations as Viewed from Geneva

    International Relations as Viewed from Geneva

    William E. Rappard · 39 sections

    This is a single-author lecture volume: six Williamstown Institute of Politics lectures on the League of Nations, framed by A. Lawrence Lowell’s foreword. Rappard’s scope is not a legal commentary on the Covenant but an institutional reading from Geneva, where a Swiss small-state perspective makes law, publicity, and judicial settlement appear as necessities rather than ornaments.

  3. 1930
    Uniting Europe: The Trend of International Cooperation Since the War

    Uniting Europe: The Trend of International Cooperation Since the War

    William E. Rappard · 41 sections

    Rappard’s work is a single-author interwar study of European and international cooperation after 1918, ranging from Germany’s postwar condition and Europe’s changing economic position to peace pacts, the League Secretariat, and the League Council. Its central thesis is cautious but forceful: Europe is not being “united” by sentiment, constitutional design, or the simple triumph of idealism, but by the pressure of facts—economic interdependence, intellectual contact, and the insufficiency of sovereign states acting alone.

  4. 1936
    L'individu et l'État dans l'évolution constitutionnelle de la Suisse

    L'individu et l'État dans l'évolution constitutionnelle de la Suisse

    William E. Rappard · 109 sections

    William E. Rappard’s L’individu et l’État dans l’évolution constitutionnelle de la Suisse is a single-author constitutional-historical study of Switzerland’s passage from the old Confederation through the Helvetic rupture, the cantonal revolutions of 1830, the federal settlement of 1848, and the democratic-centralizing development that culminates in the later nineteenth century. Its organizing device is deliberately abstract: Swiss constitutional history is read as a changing balance between the claims of persons and the power of public authority.

  5. 1936
    The Government of Switzerland

    The Government of Switzerland

    William E. Rappard · 32 sections

    Rappard’s The Government of Switzerland (1936) explains Swiss constitutionalism as a historical equilibrium, not a transferable model. Written for American students, it presents Switzerland as a small counterpart to the United States: an old republic, a federation built from local sovereignties, a source of the initiative and referendum, and a plural society whose neutrality partly recalls American isolation. Its thesis is that Swiss government lives by negotiated tensions—canton and Confederation, liberty and protection, representative and direct democracy, neutrality and collective security.

  6. 1938
    Post-war Efforts for Freer Trade: Being the Cobden Lectures Delivered at the London School of Economics on February 2nd, 3rd and 4th, 1938

    Post-war Efforts for Freer Trade: Being the Cobden Lectures Delivered at the London School of Economics on February 2nd, 3rd and 4th, 1938

    William E. Rappard · 17 sections

    William E. Rappard’s 1938 Cobden Lectures reconstruct the League of Nations’ frustrated campaign for freer trade after the First World War and ask why official unanimity in favor of liberal commerce produced almost no liberalization. His thesis is deliberately complex: the failure cannot be explained only by economic ignorance or special interests, although both matter. It arose from the contradiction between a world verbally committed to interdependence and a system of sovereign states made anxious by depression, currency disorder, debts, social dislocation, and above all the expectation of war.

  7. 1939
    The Crisis of Democracy

    The Crisis of Democracy

    William E. Rappard · 32 sections

    Rappard’s 1938 Harris lectures diagnose democracy just as Bolshevism, Fascism, Nazism, and the League’s impotence had broken the nineteenth-century belief in democratic inevitability. His thesis is not that democracy is finished, but that its ideals are being tested by industrial complexity, mass administration, and war, while dictatorship has not yet proved that it can outlast success or the dictator.

  8. 1940
    The Quest for Peace since the World War

    The Quest for Peace since the World War

    William E. Rappard · 72 sections

    Rappard’s essay reconstructs the interwar quest for peace as a movement from legal hope to political constraint. He does not dismiss arbitration, collective security, or disarmament as empty ideals; rather, he asks what kinds of conflict each instrument could realistically manage. The tragedy he traces is that states repeatedly endorsed universal formulas while preserving the discretion, reservations, and security anxieties that made those formulas fragile.

  9. 1944
    Du renouvellement des pactes confédéraux (1351-1798) (Beschwörung und Erneuerung der Bünde)

    Du renouvellement des pactes confédéraux (1351-1798) (Beschwörung und Erneuerung der Bünde)

    William E. Rappard · 16 sections

    Rappard studies the periodic sworn renewal of the old Swiss federal pacts, the institution called Beschwörung und Erneuerung der Bünde. Though prompted by his wider interest in intercantonal order, the book is archival and constitutional: it follows charter clauses, Diet recesses, ceremonies, and quarrels over oath formulae. Its premise is that old Switzerland was not held together by sovereignty, but by sworn association, public memory, and repeated assent.

  10. 1948
    Collective Security in Swiss Experience, 1291-1948

    Collective Security in Swiss Experience, 1291-1948

    William E. Rappard · 40 sections

    Rappard’s 1948 study reads Swiss history not as the unfolding of nationality, but as a long institutional experiment in mutual protection. Switzerland, he argues, began when Uri, Schwytz, and Unterwalden swore in 1291 to defend one another; across changing forms—alliances, confederation, federal state—the same functional problem persisted.

  11. 1948
    Die Bundesverfassung der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft 1848–1948: Vorgeschichte, Ausarbeitung, Weiterentwicklung

    Die Bundesverfassung der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft 1848–1948: Vorgeschichte, Ausarbeitung, Weiterentwicklung

    William E. Rappard · 157 sections · Translation of the 1948 original

    Rappard’s centennial study is not an article-by-article legal commentary, but a historical interpretation of the Swiss Federal Constitution as origin, settlement, and continuing process. Its guiding aim is explanatory: to understand why the constitution of 1848 became possible, what political transformation it enacted, and how later revisions altered the balance between liberty, democracy, federalism, and state power.

  12. 1950
    La Suisse et l'organisation de l'Europe

    La Suisse et l'organisation de l'Europe

    William E. Rappard · 15 sections

    William E. Rappard’s 1950 essay explains for Swiss readers the sudden proliferation of European and Atlantic institutions after 1947. By reading the founding texts of the ECE, Brussels Pact, OEEC, NATO, and Council of Europe, it dispels the illusion that Europe has already become a federation. Its thesis is sober: Switzerland may welcome cooperation, but it should not abandon neutrality or mistake intergovernmental machinery for political union. The appended treaty texts are therefore not ancillary: legal wording becomes the evidence for political judgment.

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