The archive.

Money can still settle a debt while buying far less—and gold itself need not provide a stable measure of value. In this compact 1922 double review, Eugen Peter Schwiedland pairs Edwin Cannan’s explanation of wartime monetary expansion with J. Shield Nicholson’s account of inflation’s unequal social effects. His presentation connects the depreciation of paper currencies and gold to a pointed distinction between rising money incomes and actual purchasing power. Nicholson’s threatened middle class brings the distributional stakes into view: not everyone can compensate for higher prices by securing higher income. The review’s closing appeal to productive expenditure, restored note convertibility, and moral strength shows how monetary stabilization becomes, in Schwiedland’s treatment, a problem of social discipline as well as currency management.

Can economic interdependence restrain the rivalries it helps create? In this brief 1922 double review, Eugen Peter Schwiedland pairs Seligmann’s explanation of Britain’s changing great-power adversaries with Demangeon’s account of Europe’s diminished economic position after the war. The decisive uncertainty is Britain’s response to American ascendancy: renewed competition or accommodation. Schwiedland’s own voice emerges as he turns from Europe’s lost advantages to its future livelihood, insisting that productive service, reflection and work must replace inherited privilege. His closing hopes—for constructive American leadership, an Anglo-American settlement and goodwill among European peoples—give this compact review its distinctive tension: European effort is necessary, but recovery also depends on international arrangements Europeans cannot determine alone.

Psychological inquiry and factory experience offer complementary approaches to easing industrial work in Eugen Peter Schwiedland’s brief double review of Frank Watts and B. S. Rowntree. Schwiedland credits Watts with seeking compatibility between social ethics and economic benefit, while finding his exposition insufficiently clear. Rowntree supplies the practical contrast: employee participation in management, tested in his own enterprise, alongside demands that production and the distribution of returns serve the community. The review’s concrete interest lies in this pairing of psychological hopes with workplace institutions—including the York chocolate factory’s works council and company magazine—through which readers can trace two distinct approaches to improving relations between employers and workers.

Can economics judge the effectiveness of human action without judging its aims? In this brief English review of Robert Wilbrandt’s Oekonomie, Eugen Peter Schwiedland presents a reformer’s answer: economics should address deficiencies in the means required to achieve practical ends. Schwiedland follows the move from that apparently neutral task to national efficiency as a standard for criticizing economic arrangements. His concise account also brings a tension into view: Wilbrandt excludes political opinions from his deductions, yet links forms of economic organization to conservatism, liberalism, socialism, and anarchism. Rather than testing the system independently, Schwiedland makes its governing commitments legible, allowing readers to examine how a science concerned with means becomes a programme for economic reform.

What makes statistics dependable—and their meaning unmistakable? In this brief 1922 review of Franz Zizek’s Grundriss der Statistik, Eugen Peter Schwiedland highlights the connection between statistical principles and the questions they serve. His notice emphasizes how Zizek returns from tables of population and economic life to methodological choices, rather than treating figures as self-explanatory. Banking, stocks and shares, and balances receive particular attention as subjects Schwiedland identifies as previously untreated statistically. Readers encounter a concise contemporary assessment of the textbook’s scope and practical orientation, not a detailed test of its methods or findings.

Giolitti’s proposal for compulsory works councils gives Eugen Peter Schwiedland a concrete point of departure from George D. Herron’s confidence in Italian national renewal. In this brief 1922 review, Schwiedland turns from Herron’s vision of overcoming individualism to the practical history of industrial reform. He recalls his own advocacy of compulsory workers’ committees in 1891 and Emil Steinbach’s Austrian legislative projects, defeated, he reports, by an alliance of bureaucrats, industrialists, and Social Democratic labor leaders. His hope that Italy will prove more receptive gives the review its distinctive stake: a reform advocate tests an apparently new Italian initiative against earlier Austrian proposals and the resistance that frustrated them.

Public ownership need not mean the exclusion of private enterprise. In this brief 1922 review of A. E. Davies’s The Case for Nationalization, Eugen Peter Schwiedland records proposals for state banks, insurers and shipping companies to compete with private firms. His concise account, which offers no explicit verdict, also singles out a practical legal change: municipalities would receive general authority to establish businesses, with legislation defining exceptions rather than authorizing each venture separately. The review lets readers distinguish these arrangements from outright communal ownership and from bounded worker participation in management—different institutional choices within the English workers’ socialization programme as Davies presents it.

A modest provision in Greece’s 1910 banking law allowed the National Bank to issue special notes to purchase gold and foreign exchange. In this brief review of C.-J. Damiris’s three-volume study, Eugen Peter Schwiedland singles out the mechanism’s achievement: well-backed currency responsive to demand and stable exchange rates. Its abandonment under fiscal pressure around 1920 gives the account its tension. Schwiedland reports Damiris’s case for restoring the arrangement and his inquiry into its possible relevance to international exchange-rate regulation, without presenting that possibility as a settled solution. The review offers a compact contemporary assessment of a specific monetary experiment, attentive both to its institutional workings and to the theoretical and documentary value of Damiris’s study.

Scholarly impartiality surviving wartime hostility is the opening concern of Eugen Peter Schwiedland’s brief 1922 review of the third, revised and expanded edition of Gide and Rist’s history of economic doctrines. He praises their unchanged objectivity toward German research, then identifies a precise methodological choice: they trace the ancestry of present-day economic ideas, drawing only sparingly on economic events and institutions. His favorable assessment lets readers see what he values in this approach—the capacity to make older doctrines intelligible through their continuing intellectual life—without mistaking it for an economic history. The review offers a compact example of how Schwiedland links cross-national scholarly fairness with attention to the historical development of ideas.

For Eugen Peter Schwiedland, an introduction to economics can be both elegant and intellectually deep. His brief 1922 review of Charles Gide’s Premières notions d’économie politique praises precisely this combination: vivid exposition, stimulating prose, and insights that go beyond elementary instruction. Rather than discussing Gide’s particular doctrines, Schwiedland judges the book by its capacity to attract students to economics. The review offers a compact glimpse of his pedagogical priorities: introductory writing should awaken interest without sacrificing depth.

Blame war profiteers, or reduce the supply of paper money? In this brief 1922 review of Edwin Cannan’s The Paper Pound of 1797–1921, Eugen Peter Schwiedland welcomes the reprinted Bullion Report and praises Cannan’s lively historical-theoretical introduction. His emphasis falls on the practical conclusion he draws from the book: burn paper currency until its purchasing power recovers and it can again procure gold. The notice offers a sharply compressed example of monetary-policy judgement, setting a currency remedy against the demand to punish profiteers without elaborating the theory behind that choice.

A revolution credited with freeing individual initiative also imposes compulsory forms of communal life. This tension gives Eugen Peter Schwiedland’s brief 1922 review of H. N. Brailsford’s The Russian Workers’ Republic its interest. Chiefly reporting rather than testing Brailsford’s favourable assessment, Schwiedland traces Bolshevik support to peasants’ acquisition of land, workers’ personal freedom, and Lenin’s adaptability. Yet the account of released energy and opportunity sits alongside revolutionary atrocities and intrusive government control. The closing hope that peace and productive work will loosen these constraints lets readers see how a sympathetic interpretation of Bolshevik rule could make individual emancipation both its achievement and its unfinished promise.